EAFTIXG. 



415 



means of two or more pairs of poles, and one of each pair (m m) 

 being placed above the bundles and one {n n) below, transversely 

 to the raft-section, the withes are fastened round these poles. 



F[G. 24; 



n 



TdZil 



1^ 



which thus enclose all the boards in the raft-section (fig. 246). 

 Such a section is quite rigid. The raft-sections fastened 



Fig. 248. 



together on the land and slid into the water are then bound 

 into rafts as shown in fig. 247. The sections A, B, C, & D, 



Fig. 249. 



are not dovetailed together by their projecting borders, but long 

 slender spruce poles (figs. 246 and 247, d d) are fastened to 

 their sides, passing from section to section, and thus affording 

 rigidity to the whole raft. 



Another mode of binding rafts is shown in fig. 248. The 

 bundles of boards are tied with withes, but each withe passes 

 through that of the neighbouring bundles, so that the bundles 



