METHODS OF STORING ^YOOD. 437 



taken for lauding it must be so arranged that it may be brought 

 out of the water as soon as possible. Whenever the depots 

 are arranged so that the wood becomes stranded of itself 

 (pp. 434-436), the workmen must be stationed at the various 

 sluice-gates and gratings, and be carefully instructed in the 

 manner of landing the wood. 



Wherever the wood has to be dragged up to the depot, 

 different methods of doing so are followed for sawmill butts and 

 firewood. Butts are either rolled up the river-bank, or dragged 

 up an ascending slope by horses or by machinery worked by the 

 driving-wheel of a sawmill. Firewood billets are either spiked 

 by a floating pole and thrown upon the river-bank, or passed 

 from hand to hand by a chain of workmen. In some places 

 machines are used for landing firewood. 



These machines consist of two horizontal rollers, one of 

 which is alongside the water, and the other up on the bank of 

 the stream. Two chains bound together link by link, and pro- 

 vided at short intervals with projecting iron hooks, are passed 

 round the rollers ; the billets of wood are then placed on these 

 hooks, whilst the chains are set in motion by the upper roller, and 

 the hooks ascend the river-bank with the billets, which fall off as 

 they reach the upper roller.* These machines are specially useful 

 when the depot is situated on a high, steep, sloping river-bank. 



3. Methods of Storinrj Wood. 



The landed billets are conveyed to the stacking-yard in low 

 tramcars or wheelbarrows, the round pieces being previously 

 split; they are then stacked, beginning at a point in the depot the 

 furthest removed from the water. In stacking, great care must 

 be taken not to occupy too much space, to leave sufficient room 

 for ventilation between the diflerent stacks and erect the latter 

 in a stable manner. With this object, the stacks of firewood 

 are placed in long rows, in the direction of the prevailing 

 wind, and made as high as their stability will permit. This 



* On the river Ilz near Passau, there are 10 of these machines which save 40% 

 of the former cost of manual hiliour for landing the tirewooii. 180 to 200 stacked 

 cubic meters (100 to 140 loads) of wood can thus be raised in a day. At Hals, 

 also on the Ilz, similar machines worked by steam-power are used for raising 

 butts up to the depot, 8 meters (26 feet) high. The heaviest kind of butts are 

 thus raised. 



