l.")<> SALE OF WOOD 



takoii, in case experience of the yield of similar fellings is not avjiil- 

 able, to make use of every assistance which the different methods 

 of valuation can afford. In Paissia, crops of standing trees are 

 generally sold by area [and so is coppice in England. — Tr.] 



If, however, the sale is only of certain marked trees on a 

 felling- area, the protection and tending of the forest may be 

 much more endangered than when the sale is by area. This is 

 specially the case in regeneration- or selection-fellings, and in 

 those of trees standing over poles. This mode of sale may how- 

 ever be advantageously applied to standards over coppice, or to 

 isolated large trees in middle-aged high forest, or in forests 

 where the trees are far apart, as in Russia. It is more admis- 

 sible for conifers than for broad-leaved species, as the real value 

 of the former may be more accurately forecast than broad-leaved 

 species, which so frequently suffer from internal defects. 



Here and there material of little value, the conversion of 

 which would prove too costly for the forest owner, may be sold 

 en masse, such as stunted wood on Avaste land, inferior pollards, 

 stumps of trees which are difficult to uproot and split, &c. A 

 purchaser who estimates his own labour at a low value may find 

 a profit in purchasing such material. 



iii. Lease of tlie Yield of a Forest for a Teim of Years. 



The two preceding modes of sale involve the sale of only one 

 year's fellings in a forest, but not the lease of the annual yield 

 of a forest for a term of years. This was formerly almost the 

 only mode of sale in the vast Austrian mountain-forests. 

 During the eighteenth century, nearly all extensive works using 

 wood obtained the assignment of adjoining forests for their 

 exclusive use, sometimes with the sole stipulation that the 

 management of the works should remove all the trees in a forest 

 during a rotation, on undertaking to pay all the costs of main- 

 tenance of the forest. This privilege was termed KoJthridmintff 

 (charcoal concession), and implied the right of the works to take 

 so much charcoal annually from the forest. Such concessions 

 of forest produce are no longer made, but leases of forests for 

 terms of three to ten years still prevail, chiefly in Ivussia, 

 Sweden, West and East Prussia, in some provinces of Austria- 



