lui SALE OF WOOD 



lu many cases, tlie forest range will suffice as a sale-district. 

 It may, however, be necessary to subdivide a forest range into 

 two or more sale-districts, i.e., to fix several tarifts in a range 

 according to the different directions in which the produce is 

 distributed. This is generally the case with ranges situated on 

 the borders of extensive forests, or composed of widely 

 scattered isolated forest blocks, and where considerable differ- 

 ences of prices result from different transport charges. In high 

 mountain-regions, especially the Alps, tariffs will depend on the 

 altitudes of different zones of forest ; thus, the lowest zone, 

 including the valleys, may form one sale-district, the middle 

 zone, another, and the highest forest zone, with Alpine hamlets, 

 cheese-factories, &c., the third. 



As a rule, royalties include the cost of conversion and 

 removal from the felling-area. In districts where the conversion 

 and removal of the wood is partly done by the purchaser, two 

 tariffs will be in force, including or excluding the above charges. 



ii. Application of the Method of Sale by litnjdUi/. 



There are districts where, in consequence of admitted rights, 

 almost the whole annual yield of forests in firewood is disposed 

 of by royalty, either at a full or reduced value ; in other dis- 

 tricts this happens in the case of only a portion of the yield and 

 no further than sheer local necessity requires. In most cases, 

 however, sale at tariff-prices has receded quite into the back- 

 ground, and is resorted to — in cases of unforeseen distress ; for 

 wood-assortments which cannot be sold to the highest bidder ; 

 for inferior sale items, the sale of wliich will not rrpay auction 

 charges, or rare assortments of specified kind and sliape ; also 

 linally, in some districts, for the requirements of the forest 

 officials, who are not allowed to bid at auctions. 



In country districts, it is chiefly wood for agricultural ri'cjuire- 

 ments, such as bean-sticks, tree-props. Sec, which in cases of 

 considerable demand should be sold by royalty, as in this way 

 theft nniy be prevented. 



It may be imagined, since sale by royalty is at present 

 generally the exception, that the fixation of a correct tariff" is 

 a matter of only second-rate importance. This is, however, not 

 the case, for a continual knowledge of the actual value of forest 



