(;.n FOREST LITTEK. 



forest. Clear-cut areas yield the greatest amount of weeds, 

 especially heather, which may be injurious to young forest 

 plants. If weeds are used, and only their tops cut their lower 

 parts being left in the ground, so that the soil-covering of moss, 

 dead leaves, &:c., is undisturbed, this mode of removal of litter 

 may be considered innocuous. 



Heather should not, however, be pulled up by the roots, and 

 certainly not hoed up in sods. Steep slopes should, as far as 

 possible, be protected from this mode of removal. The removal 

 of branch-litter from felling-areas also does little harm, whilst 

 lopping branches from mature trees may be practised when 

 subject to strict sylvicultural rules. Wherever branch-litter is 

 used, ground-litter must be scrupulously preserved. Only when 

 other sources of supply fail should the removal of ground-litter 

 be permitted from the woods. The remaining paragraphs refer 

 to that mode of litter only. 



8. JjOcaliti/. 



The better localities should be first taken in hand, the inferior 

 ones being spared as long as possible. Ijitter which has been 

 heaped up by the wind in wet places, on moist, low-lying ground, 

 in hollows, ravines or narrow valleys, and thick cushions of moss 

 iu damp ground and on places about to be regenerated naturally, 

 may be utilized with the least damage to the forest. There is 

 sometimes in cold localities a stiff, heavy soil, which is improved 

 by removing the litter. The north and east slopes of hills, with 

 rich deep soil covered with scattered blocks of stone or boulders, 

 and terraces or gentle slopes on mountain-sides, should always 

 be preferred, the more exposed places being only used as a last 

 resort. Places exposed to wind, such as hill-tops, mountain- 

 ridges, steep declivities and especially the upper parts of steep 

 mountain-chains, should always be spared. 



4, Xdtitrc of Forest. 



As regards species of tree, the only question to be considered 

 is whether or not a tree is suited to the locality. AVherever iu 

 alder- or birch-woods the usage is possible, it may always be 

 permitted, also among pollards and in forests open to pasture ; 



