628 FOREST LITTER. 



Section VIII. — Mode of Disposal and Sale of Forest 

 Litter. 



1. Persons iclto may licmovc Litter. 

 Owing to the great prejudice to wood-production caused by 

 the removal of Htter, this usage is not considered as a regular 

 form of forest utilization, as in the case of wood and other minor 

 produce ; but unless there is any actual right of user, it should 

 only be permitted as an extraordinary concession for otherwise 

 irremediable agricultural distress. Thus litter is only granted 

 by a forest official to right-holders, or by special permit. In 

 either case the amount granted is limited by sylvicultural 

 requirements, as laid down for instance in the plan of operations, 

 and in cases of urgent necessity even these may be exceeded. 



(a) Right- holders. — Rights to litter are generally unlimited 

 in amount ; even then they must be limited by the requirements 

 of the right-holders, or by those of sylviculture. It is extremely 

 difficult to decide what are the actual requirements of the right- 

 holders, so that sylvicultural requirements must be paramount. 

 All national-economic laws in Germany prescribe that rights to 

 minor produce from a forest must be so limited in volume as 

 not to endanger the production of wood. The necessary limits 

 are laid down in the plans of operation for litter which have 

 been drawn up by competent persons, and all grants of litter to 

 right-holders must therefore be kept within the limits prescribed 

 in these plans. 



(b) Permit-holders. — Permits to remove litter should be given 

 only to persons actually in need of it. No peasant who wastes 

 manure, who keeps no cattle, who is not a cultivator, who does 

 not use available substitutes for litter, who uses forest litter in 

 a wasteful manner, who sells or disposes of forest litter to 

 other people, should on any account receive permission to remove 

 litter. 



2. Sale of Litter. 



Litter can be sold only in two ways ; by royalty, or by public 

 auction. The latter method, however, is not generally applicable, 

 as litter should be regarded as only extraordinary forest produce, 

 the price for which is fixed by the forest official and not by 



