(?M SAW-MILLS, &U. 



tlius plane the surfiice of wood exposed to them in various shapes. 

 They are constructed in various ways ; some planing tiat surfaces 

 aud others giving different profiles to the wood, some of tlum 

 plane all four sides of a piece of wood during one operation. 



By their means joiner's wood of all kinds is prepared, door and 

 window mouldings, corner pieces, mouldings for picture-frames, 

 Sec, and wood is now brought at once to the market ready 

 moulded from Sweden. 



3. Irref/ular MouhVimi-Mcichines. 



Machines used for irregular moulding resemble planing 

 machines in principle ; in their case a sharp steel cutter, 

 revolving on a vertical axis, cuts wood which is pushed against 

 it on a steel table into various shapes more or less out of a 

 straight line, or irregular. They are used in making curved 

 parts of furniture, wooden heels for boots, &c. 



4. Other Machines. 



Besides the above most important of the wood-machines, there 

 ai-e machines for boring, by means of revolving augurs ; mortising 

 when the augurs move laterally besides revolving, thus cutting 

 oblong holes in the wood ; preparing chips for wood-pulp, &c. 

 Several machines for splitting fire-wood are largely used in 

 German towns. 



A consideration of the number of wares which are prepared by 

 these various wood-machines, and above all of the enormous* 

 quantity of planking and scantling turned out by saw-mills, and 

 of the present demands of the market for quality, shape, and 

 good external appearance of lumber, will prove the great 

 importance of these machines in forest utilization. 



* "One saw-mill at Bay City, Miiliij,'an, which was Ixirned before 1886, pro- 

 duced annually •10,000,000 fectof lumber besides shingles, laths, &c., from the 

 reluse wood. The total yearly (.roductiou of sawmills in the United States is 

 about 26,000,000,000 feet." Eucyc. Brit., 1886, vol. xxi. 



