THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 



445 



1 A pvire Italian worker, virgin or drone. 



1 A pure black worker, virgin or drone. 



3 An even mixture of each in blood, but by looks black. 



In other words, out of every four (4) bees produced, irrespec- 

 tive of what gender they may be, you will have in looks 3 blacks to 

 1 Italian. 



So you see out of crossed stock comes pure as well as hybrid ; 

 it may sound odd and unreasonable, yet it is a fact. 



Change any of the above matings, and you will have a different 

 variation or combination of the two (2) colors, black and yellow. 

 You can now readily see how a queen can throw drones of one 

 strain and workers or virgins from another in almost any percent- 

 age desired, providing you can mate as is necessary. 



Now I distinctly wish my readers to understand that the above 

 description is right and a fact, with the exception that black is not 

 so far considered the dominant factor. 



I personally believe the Italian race to be impure as a race; my 

 reasons are the following: 



From imported Italian queens you will receive some queens 

 that will throw very dark workers, or sometimes better than three 

 (3) bands yellow. Their drones will run from practically all black 

 to almost any proportion showing yellow markings. 



Would this be called a pure race in au}^ other variety of stock? 

 I question it very much. 



Swarthmore Apiaries, Swarthmore, Pa. 



Some New Methods of Winter Protection. 



WESLEY FOSTER. 



ONDITIONS have changed 

 iJ ^ Quite radicallv in the 



%J ^ quite radically in 



west during the last few 

 years. Many of the older irri- 

 gated districts are now infested [ 

 with sunflowers, rosin weed | 

 and other weeds that furnish 

 a dark, inferior honey in the 

 fall. This honey candies quick- 

 ly and is the cause of a large 

 per cent of the winter losses 

 and spring dwindling. 



Under the old conditions, when 

 the honey was alfalfa and sweet 



Cover-Board for Wintering, Used by 

 J. C. Matthews. 



