THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 427 



have two reasons : First, it can be put on with the least possible disturb- 

 ance ; second, the sun cannot warp it as when nails are used. In using 

 this system I had two queens superseded by queens that were reared 

 above. If I ever have any more to treat I am going to experiment by 

 arranging a piece of queen-excluding zinc between the escape and hive, 

 or make a cage from the same material and place it over the bee-escape 

 after the fifteenth day. The only danger I see in using the queen- 

 excluding zinc between the escape and hive is that it might become 

 blocked up by dead bees or drones. The secret of success in using this 

 system, I believe, lies in doing it with the least possible disturbance to 

 the bees. 



Treating Foul Brood Late in Fall 



By GEO. M. STEELE, Philadelphia, Pa. 



-•-ay DITOR REVIEW— Your letter just to hand, and will say I will 

 pP . think about the question of writing up my treatise of American 

 foul brood without the shake plan. I have tried it two years 

 and have not failed once; in fact, it will never fail where the man is 

 practical and follows treatment. As I said in a previous letter to you, 

 you were near the treatment in your talk on foul brood. Now here is 

 one that works fine where the bees have the disease in a light form late 

 in the. fall. You can publish this way, and I w^ll write the spring treatise 

 later. 



\Mien late in fall an apiarist finds a few cells of American foul 

 brood in one or more of his colonies, and wishes to come out in the 

 spring free from the dread disease, treat in the following manner : Get 

 an empty hive complete ; place six frames with full sheets of f ovmdation 

 in hive body ; remove old hives from old stand and place new. clean 

 bottom board and body on old stand, pushing frames with foundation 

 to far side of hive ; then brush all bees into hive body placed as above ; 

 after all bees are off of old combs place three or four frames of solid 

 sealed honey in center of bottom hive body ; place an excluder over bees 

 and frames and over excluder place an empty super and into super place 

 five to ten pounds of loaf sugar; cover all snug and warm with quilts 

 and any materials to hand that will keep out the cold. Do not treat as 

 above until late in the fall, just before bees are placed in winter quar- 

 ters. The old combs from diseased colonies should be destroyed after 

 extracting honey, the hive body and fixtures cleaned up and painted all 

 over. Care must be used to keep diseased combs from getting back on 

 bees in the spring. So destroy all combs after getting honey out. The 

 best time to brush bees is w^hen the day is too cold for bees to fly much. 



I have tried the above for four years, and all treated bees have been 

 clean in the spring. The honey in diseased colonies late in the fall is 

 so thick that it will not leave the combs unless violentlv shaken, and the 



