Dec. 18, 1902. 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



807 



Vice-Pres. Harris — Is there any discussion upon this 

 response read by Mr. Gill 7 



J. Merklcy — Mention i.s made in the paper about the 

 Daisy wheelbarrow. We are using what I call the dai.sy 

 wheelbarrow ; the handles run straight to the wheelbar- 

 row, and are hinged at the top, and there is a spring under 

 the top that rests on a top-bar running down to these han- 

 dles. That will explain the construction of the machine. 

 We have tried the Daisy wheelbarrow and several other 

 kinds, and this is far ahead of anything we have used. It 

 is simple to make — a thing you can make yourself if you so 

 desire. 



Mr. Ivy — I would like to ask Mr. Gill, who recommended 

 saving all drawn combs, whether he would use tho.se combs 

 the following season for the purpose of putting up comb 

 honey, and, if so, can he have stored a first grade of honey 

 in those combs ? 



Mr. Gill — I don't say I can put up a first grade of honey, 

 but I can put up honey that will sell this year. 



Vice-Pres. Harris— If there is no further discussion I 

 will appoint Messrs. Gill and Kauchfuss to escort to the 

 front Miss Ellen Grenfell, Colorado's lady superintendent 

 of schools, whom I have the pleasure of introducing to you. 

 She is one of the best educators, and one of the most brill- 

 iant women that the State of Colorado has ever had in the 

 position. 



ADDRESS OF HISS GRENFELL. 



After that very flattering introduction I feel as if I 

 would like to go to the back part of the room again. I came 

 up here not as one understanding the scientific matters re- 

 garding bees and honey, but simply as a person, who, being 

 very fond of honey indeed, was naturally attracted by any 

 gathering which tends to increase the production of honey 

 in Colorado and the United States. As a school teacher, 

 and one engaged in school work for about 20 years, I have 

 every reason in the world to speak highly of bees. I don't 

 know what the educational people would do if they did not 

 have the little busy bee to hold up as an example to the ris- 

 ing generation as to how their work should be pursued ; 

 there certainly is not a creature after which the young peo- 

 ple have been requested to pattern their ways as much as 

 that little creature known as the bee. 



We feel very much honored — we in Denver and in Col- 

 orado — to have you meet here from all parts of the United 

 States. 



I came to Colorado so many years ago that I don't be- 

 lieve there were half a dozen hives or colonies in this State ; 

 I came when there was no railroad in the State ; and I 

 know that for some time they were very unsuccessful in- 

 deed in keeping bees here and pr oducing honey ; and I re- 

 member when honey was a dollar a pound right here in 

 Colorado, and to a child who was fond of honey that was a 

 serious matter ; and I personally have a feeling of deep 

 gratitude to those pioneers in bee-culture who persisted in 

 spite of repeated failures, and finally have placed Colorado 

 among the leading honey-producing States', that is, in pro- 

 portion to the amount of farming land we have, and to the 

 amount of agricultural facilities we have in this State. 



We hope you have had a pleasant visit here. We have 

 all appreciated your visit, and we hope that you have mixed 

 the sweet in with the work of your gatherings. I have 

 read with much interest the account of your meetings in 

 the papers, and I realize how much it means to have an 

 intelligent body of people gathered together and paySng 

 attention to these details of the work. Years ago it would 

 have been thought perhaps a strange thing that people 

 would travel from all parts of the United States — and I 

 notice delegates even from Canada — to consider such a 

 thing as producing honey and bee-keeping, and yet here 

 you are ; it shows that you have dignified the business, that 

 you are bound to make of it truly a scientific thing, and 

 that means that there will be great improvement, because 

 when a body of earnest people put themselves to work to 

 understand thoroughly the conditions and to improve them, 

 it means that the whole business is going to be elevated, 

 and that better results will be derived than otherwise could 

 have been the case. The great things that have been 

 accomplished in this world have not been by hit or miss 

 work among individuals, it has been by the steady, con- 

 tinued, persistent, systematic effort of the people all over 

 the country who are engaged in that particular line. 



Now, I have taken too much of your time, you have so 

 many valuable things to discuss ; but I thank you very 

 much for giving me this opportunity to meet you, and I am 

 looking forward with much pleasure to the discussion to'be 

 brought[up here this afternoon. (Applause. 

 (Continued next week.) 



I Contributed Articles, l 



Rearing Long- Lived Queens and Bees. 



BS' C. r. rJADANT. 



I HAVE read with interest the numerous articles and valu- 

 able discussions on the above subject, in the American 

 Hee Journal, for the past five months. Dr. (iallup's re- 

 newed mention of our name prompts me to present my 

 views on the matter. 



I want to tell the reader that perhaps he does not know 

 Dr. Gallup as well as I do. My acquaintance with him dates 

 back to l.St)7. I was then 16 years of age, and, though a 

 novice, I was mucb interested in bees, for my father was 

 already beginning to succeed with them on a comparatively 

 large scale. Gallup's articles were among the first I read. 

 He became noted at once for his practical methods, his 

 pithy arguments, and the forcible way in which he expresses 

 himself. At that time the contributors of the American 

 Bee Journal were very few, and Gallup is one of the few 

 remaining. I have kept the entire file of the American Bee 

 Journal since the beginning. It was then, as it is now, the 

 open field for discussion, free to all who kept within the 

 limits of good-nature. Its first editor, Samuel Wagner, set 

 the example, so well followed by his different successors, of 

 refraining from influencing the deductions of the readers 

 by any criticisms of the ideas advanced, unless evidently 

 improper or incorrect. It is a pleasure to go back to those 

 files, bound by my father in a simple way, and with leaves 

 yellow from age, and see how many of the so-called new 

 ideas that are presented now were talked over at that time 

 by our elders. " ?\'il sub sole novum," says the proverb — 

 " Nothing new under the sun," and many of the new things 

 are only old things renovated, or presented under difi'erent 

 conditions. 



The " umbilical cord." This new presentation by Gal- 

 lup and Doolittle would explain to me a thing at which I 

 have often wondered. I have often asked myself wliether 

 the larva ate anything after it had begun to stretch in the 

 cell. The food is at the bottom, the larva stretches with its 

 head outward, therefore the food is behind it. Does it cease 

 to eat as soon as it stretches in the cell at full length, or 

 does it turn about once in a while, or does it absorb food 

 through its skin, oris there a feeding canal — an umbilical 

 cord — as Gallup says very properly, to help it to feed itself 

 until it needs nothing more? I have looked through our 

 scientific works in vain for the umbilical cord. Cheshire, 

 Cowan, Cook, all say that the bowel of the larva is closed 

 so that it cannot pass any dejections ; they assert that most 

 of the food is taken through the mouth, or perhaps through 

 the pores of the abdomen. Cheshire states plainly that the 

 larva turns about in the cell to throw up its stomach-lining, 

 and lap up its remaining food previous to metamorphosis. 

 I quote : 



"The imprisoned larva, having a little more than 

 enough room for turning, must be freed of these objection- 

 able resdua, but Nature is equal to the difficulty, accom- 

 plishing all in a manner commanding our admiration. In 

 a word, the larva turns its head upon its stomach, and 

 pushes the former toward the base of the cell until its posi- 

 tion is reversed, the tail being outwards, and, thus placed, 

 it laps up all residue of food, especially from its old clothes 

 (the previous moultings) previously referred to, until they 

 are dried and practically occupy no space. It now throws 

 up its stomach and bowels, with all their contents, and 

 without detaching them from its outer skin, which is 

 moulted as before, but, in this instance, to be depressed 

 against the cell so as to form for it an interior lining. . . .It 

 now turns its head and resumes its old position. .. ." — 

 Cheshire Vol. I, page 21. 



The above is concerning the worker-bee. Of the queen 

 he says : 



"The skin and bowel are indeed cast as by the worker, 

 but they are not spread out on the cell-wall. The bowel, re- 

 latively small, and containing little waste product, is 

 thrown against the side of the cell, just below the mass of 

 royal jelly ; and here the skin of the body is placed also, 

 where both can always be found, by opening a queen-cell, 

 on the third day after sealing." H.ere he adds: "During 

 the earlier part of the ^changes, the developing insect ad- 



