1920 



AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 



167 



My experience the past summer was 

 even more convincing. 



Colony number 8 superseded during 

 late July or early in August. I re- 

 moved the old queen from this hive 

 on August 30 and at that time bees 

 from the young queen were already 

 emerging. 



For two seasons I have been using 

 the queen in colony number 10 as a 

 breeding queen. 



On August IS, upon examination of 

 this colony, I found a virgin queen on 

 the frames, so removed the old queen 

 and put her in a three-frame nucleus 

 to see how long she would live. 



She laid in about one-half of one 

 side of a Langstroth frame, about 2 

 or 3 per cent of brood in worker 

 cells being capped convex, which I 

 presume indicated that she was fast 

 becoming sterile. 



On August 25th this queen was re- 

 moved and introduced to another 

 three-frame nucleus, where she laid 

 about one hundred eggs and appar- 

 ently quit the job entirely. 



In one of these nuclei the bees 

 started cells while the queen was 

 present. Each nucleus reared a 

 queen which gave promise of being 

 equal to any I have in my yard. 



In all cases of supersedure men- 

 tioned in this article and several oth- 

 ers where supersedure occurred but 

 no data were kept, the writer noted 

 a very marked effect on the surplus 

 returns. 



We usually have two flows suffi- 

 cient to result in storage of surplus 

 in this locality, 'he first from white 

 clover, sweet clover, etc., and the 

 second from heartsease, Spanish 

 needle and fall flowers. 



Colonies superseding in 1918 accom- 

 plished the switch of queens during 

 the first flow, but stored no surplus 

 until fall flow. 



One of the two colonies supersed- 

 ing in 1919 stored about one-half of 

 what I anticipated during the fall 

 flow, while the other colony stored 

 nothing at all during the same period. 

 Both of these colonies did well on 

 first flow, in fact, judged by returns 

 on that flow, I expected colony num- 

 ber 8 to be my best one. In each of 

 these cases supersedure took place 

 between the two flows. 



In all cases a comparison with 

 other colonies revealed a very de- 

 cided lack of sealed brood. 



From this fact the writer con- 

 cludes that supersedure is not ordi- 

 narily resorted to by the colony un- 

 til the old queen very materially 

 slackens her activities. 



Two of four queens superseded in 

 1919 were introduced in 1918 as un- 

 tested queens, having been secured 

 from a prominent breeder. 



These observations lead me to be- 

 lieve that if the apiarist can antici- 

 pate supersedure and replace queens 

 before they show any decided fall- 

 ing off in productivity he will profit 

 thereby to a much greater extent 

 than the value of the time and atten- 

 tion required. 



Muscatine, Iowa. 



Granulated Honey 



By A. F. Bonney 



The time was when I did not en- 

 thuse over a campaign of national ad- 

 vertising of honey, but I have had a 

 change of heart. All large bodies 

 move slowly, and that is why my 

 mind did not act at once, which, I 

 think, will look logical to the aver- 

 age beekeeper, yclept honey producer. 



An editorial on page 372 of the 

 American Bee Journal was the lever 

 which pried me loose from my false 

 idols, and I am now very much in 

 favor of advertising, as strongly and 

 extensively as possible, to rid the 

 mind of the honej'-using public of 

 the superstition that granulated 

 honey is something to shy at; that it 

 is, possibly, some mysterious mess 

 which is intended to deceive and de- 

 fraud. 



I commenced this in my own field 

 early in 1919, by calling attention 

 strongly and especially that granu- 

 lated honey was in every way just as 

 good and pure as the liquid sort, and 

 while I sold nearly 5,000 pounds — a 

 big crop for an invalid, and an old one 

 at that — I had but one complaint, and 

 am not certain that that was on ac- 

 count of the honey being granulated. 

 Receiving the complaint, I asked for a 

 sample, promising to refund the price 

 and pay all transportation charges if 

 the complaint was just, but heard 

 nothing more about it. I surmised 

 that the honey was granulated, as 

 that was the only thing which could 

 be a cause of complaint. 



Any advertisement about granu- 

 lated honey that might do any good 

 would be far too long for a sticker 

 of any kind, but still we must have 

 something which may be distributed 

 liberally, and I wish to suggest that 

 someone get out a proper ad which 

 may be sold at a few cents per hun- 

 dred to honey producers, and by them 

 enclosed in each and every letter they 

 write. In this way millions might 

 ultimateb' be distributed in the world, 

 with the usual result of intelligent 

 advertising. 



I do not think I am competent to 

 get up such an ad for granulated 

 honey, but I can at any rate give a 

 suggestion, as follows : 



HONEY 

 Liquid and Granulated 



All honey on the market today is 

 probably pure, on account of the pure 

 food laws, but there seems to be an 

 idea in the minds of some that honey 

 that has become solid, or granulated, 

 as honey producers say, is not just 

 what it should be. 



This idea is eroneous, for all pure 

 honey will candy, or granulate, in 

 time, and the colder the place it is 

 kept the sooner the change will come. 



This does not injure the honey at 

 all, and if it is set in hot water for a 

 time it will become liquid again, and 

 the delicate flavor will not be lost, 

 but it must not be boiled. 



Many consumers of honey are now 

 calling for the granulated sweet, and 

 consume it in that form, and they also 

 mix it half and half with butter, 

 which not only saves butter, but 



makes a delicious spread for bread 

 and cakes. 



EAT GRANULATED HONEY 



The thoughtful honey producer will 

 see that this may not only be sent 

 out as above mentioned, but that one 

 of the slips may be pasted on every 

 shipment of honey. If this were 

 done it would be but a short time be- 

 fore the demand for granulated honey 

 would be firmly established. 



Such a slip need not be more than 

 4Kx2j4 inches in size, with a half- 

 inch margin of white, and if printed 

 by the millions need not cost more 

 than a fraction of a cent each, possi- 

 bly they might be sold for SO or 75 

 cents a thousand. I will take 10,000 

 at $1 the thousand to begin with. 



There are advantages in granu- 

 lated honey that must appeal to every 

 beekeeper. We would be enabled to 

 extract, run the honey into cans, let 

 it granulate, and sell any time in the 

 next ten years; we could use for 

 shipping the paraffined paper con- 

 tainers; and, moreover, much hand- 

 ling of the crop would be avoided. 



Iowa. 



Book Reviews 



"Outapiaries and their Manage- 

 ment," the new book by M. G. Da- 

 dant, being the first of its kind to ap- 

 pear, gives token that beekeeping is 

 going more into the hands of special- 

 ists, and that outapiaries are on the 

 increase. 



Every year the number is larger of 

 those whose colonies become too 

 great in number to be kept profitably 

 in one place, and when a man decides 

 to establish a second apiary in a new 

 place he is confronted with questions 

 that have not before troubled him — 

 questions that he would like to have 

 answered by some one who has been 

 through the mill. For such persons 

 this book is designed, and meets the 

 case nicely. The bee-lover will enjoy 

 its- clear instruction, and the book- 

 lover will enjoy its clear typography. 



The beekeeper of the present day 

 may congratulate himself that as a 

 new need arises a new book arises to 

 meet the need. C. C. MILLER. 



Many a beekeeper whose printed 

 information concerning honey plants 

 has been limited to a few pages in 

 some book upon beekeeping in gen- 

 eral, has eagerly longed for some- 

 thing fuller on the subject. Now no 

 less an authority than Frank C. Pel- 

 lett has given us "American Honey 

 Plants," a book of 300 large pages en- 

 tirely devoted to the subject. To be 

 sure, many of these pages are taken 

 up with pictures of honey plants, but 

 this makes the book all the more 

 valuable. However familiar the 

 reader may become with the reading 

 matter, he will always come back to 

 dwell fondly upon the illustrations, 

 because of their real beauty. 



C. C. MILLER. 



The Children's Life of the Bee 



Maurice Maeterlinck's book, "Life 

 of the Bee," has recently been select- 



