6 MODERN HORSEMANSHIP. 



smooth, regular, and exactly controlled action ; 

 secondly, * The Union,' the highest form of col- 

 lection that permits motion ; and, thirdly, ' The 

 Poise,' where the forces are so balanced that no 

 movement takes place. 



For ordinary riding, in the walk, in the mode- 

 rate trot, and in the slower gallops, the horse 

 should habitually be kept ' in hand.' 



In making changes of direction, particularly In 

 short turns, or in demanding very brilliant action, 

 the horse should be brought to 'the union.' 



To bring the horse to the Jialf-halt, for pirou- 

 ettes from action, etc., 'the poise' should be 

 effected. 



The reader will, then, understand that he must 

 control the horse by the united action of hand and 

 heels. The reins will act In restraining and placing 

 the forces of the forehand, and in directing the 

 movements. The heels will act in inciting the 

 Impulses of the hind-quarters, in governing the 

 movements of the croup, and In sending the forces 

 up to the hand. The weights and forces of the 

 extremities must be united and balanced under 

 the rider, so that the effects of the aids will be 

 felt by the mass, and so that the horse will be 

 ready to obey every demand of Its rider In 

 smooth, even, and regular movements. These 



