52 MODERN HORSEMANSHIP. 



and, whatever the cause, it must be removed, and 

 the horse be made confident, before a cure can be 

 effected. Such a horse will often go quietly after 

 the rider has taken his seat ; but it is possible that 

 it is 'behind the hand,' and, before the rider has 

 settled down in the saddle, will begin to show some 

 of those very trying tricks that are common to 

 horses that refuse to go into the bridle. If the 

 horse comes to a short stop, and the hand finds 

 nothing to act against, while the heels can find no 

 response, the animal has made up its mind to try 

 conclusions with the rider, and he will require all 

 his skill to hold his own. If the horse turns shortly 

 about (and this can be foretold by a yielding of the 

 croup on the side to which the horse will turn), the 

 rider must be ready to make the turn complete, and 

 when the head of the horse has come into the 

 original direction, the hand must be raised and the 

 heels be quickly applied against the flanks of the 

 horse, to secure the impulses that exist, and that are 

 ready in the flexed hind-legs. Once it is started, 

 the horse must be kept going in any pace or move- 

 ment that it will take, the rider gradually obtaining 

 better control over the animal, and rewarding any- 

 thing that resembles obedience. By very light ten- 

 sions upon the snaffle the rider should encourage 

 the horse to go up into the bridle, and whenever the 



