98 MODERN HORSEMANSHIP. 



drag. Without harassing or exciting it, the horse 

 must be kept Hvely, and an even, well-cadenced 

 pace demanded. If the horse bears upon the hand, 

 it must be made to elevate the forehand by upward 

 pulls upon the reins, while the heels bring the hind- 

 legs further under the croup. If the horse moves 

 forward freely, the hand will take light touches 

 upon the snaffle, and the heels will be kept ready 

 to demand necessary impulses from the hind-quar- 

 ters. It is a rule to be always observed in collect- 

 ing the horse, that the application of the heels 

 should precede the tension upon the reins, other- 

 wise it would be impossible to govern the animal's 

 movements, for the hand can restrain the horse but 

 cannot prevent it falling to the rear. 



To turn to the right, the horse will first be united 

 more closely, the right rein (checked and governed 

 by the left rein) will be drawn until the head of the 

 horse is bent in the proper direction, the rider's 

 legs being closed against the flanks, the left leg 

 slightly stronger than the right, so that the croup 

 shall follow the path taken by the forehand. 

 When the turn has been made, the horse will be 

 straightened upon the new direction, and the same 

 collection observed as that in which the turn was 

 approached. To turn to the left, the left rein, 

 supported and measured by the right, will direct 



