I04 MODERN HORSEMANSHIP. 



retarded, so that the body of the horse will at every 

 point on the turn hold the same relative positions to 

 the two paths, the croup going- upon the path of the 

 larger outer circumference, the forehand upon the 

 path of the smaller inner circumference, the body of 

 the horse making by successive steps a series of 

 radii from the common centre of the two circum- 

 ferences. When the change of direction has been 

 made the forehand will move on the new line in 

 unison with the croup, the body of the horse being 

 diagonally across the paths of the movement. The 

 essence of shoulder-in is that the forehand is 

 towards the centre of the ma^iege, with the head 

 bent away from the direction in which the horse 

 moves, so that in all changes of direction the croup 

 must follow the circumferences of the larger circles. 

 Contra shoulder-in is a similar movement, in which 

 the chanofes of direction are made with the fore- 

 hand following the outer larger circumferences, the 

 croup upon the smaller inner circumferences being 

 retarded so that the body of the horse shall at every 

 point of the turn hold its proper position with 

 regard to the two lines. Of course upon straight 

 lines shoulder-in and contra sho2ilder-in are identical, 

 but when the croup is next to the wall the move- 

 ment is always denominated shoitlder-in ; when the 

 forehand is next the wall it is always spoken of 



