152 MODERN HORSEMANSHIP. 



horse in obedience to hand and heel ; but I never 

 thought them essentials, and I now doubt their 

 value. The movements described in Part 11. will 

 give the horse all the discipline that can be required, 

 and a horse can be made as quick and as obedient 

 by their means as if the whole range of la haute 

 dcole had been observed in its education. I have 

 had much pleasure in teaching horses the high 

 school movements ; but I have followed this branch 

 of the art merely for amusement, and to see what 

 effects these ornamental airs would have upon the 

 horse. Because I recommended the movements 

 upon two paths, and the various forms of collec- 

 tion, it has been said, by those who do not know 

 the difference between schooling (which is simply 

 methodic training) and la haute dcole, that I held 

 that all of the high school was necessary for the 

 education of horses for ordinary purposes. The 

 simplest, earliest lessons that are given to the 

 horse, as well as the movements upon two paths, 

 belone to the hig-h school, for the horse must have 

 a preliminary training before It can be brought to 

 perform the high airs ; and these belong equally to 

 the training of horses for ordinary purposes. But 

 except the passage, when it is properly taught (by 

 which the horse is confirmed in ready obedience to 

 hand and heel), I cannot recommend the ornamental 



