FOURTH EDITION. Greatly Enlarged, -with over 80 illustrations in ike Text 

 and (s full page Engravings, printed on Heavy Tint Paper, i Vol. izmo., 240 

 Pages. Neatly Bound in Cloth, Gilt Title. Price $1.00. 



HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE. 



A SIMPLE AND PRACTICAL BOOK, INTENDED FOR BEGINNERS. 



BY JOHN PHIN, 

 Editor of " The American Journal of Microscopy." 



CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



THE MICROSCOPE. What it Is ; What it Does; Different Kinds of Microscopes; 

 Principles of its Construct on; Names of the Different Parts. 



SIMPLE MICROSCOPES. Hand Magnifiers; Doublets; Power of Two or More 

 Lenses When Used Together; Stanhope Lens; Coddington Lens; Achromatic 

 Doublets and Triplets ; Twenty-five Cent M icroscopes and How to Make Them; 

 Penny Microscopes, to Show Eels in Paste and Vinegar. 



DISSECTING MICROSCOPES. Essentials of a Good Dissecting Microscope. 



COMPOUND MICROSCOPES. Cheap Foreign Stands; The Ross Model; The Jackson 

 Model; The Continental Model; The New American Model; Cheap American 

 Stands; The Binocular Microscope; The Binocular Eye-piece; The Inverted Micro- 

 scope; Lithological Microscopes; The Aquarium Microscope; Microscopes for 

 Special Purpo>es; "Class" Microscopes. 



OBJECTIVES. Defects of Common Lenses; Spherical Aberration; Chromatic do. ; 

 Corrected Objectives; Denning Power ; Achromatism; Aberration of Form ; Flatness 

 of Field; Angular Aperture; Penetrating Power : Working Distance; Immersion and 

 "Homogeneous" Lenses; Duplex Fronts; French Triplets, etc., etc. 



TESTING OBJECTIVES. General Rules; Accepted Standards Diatoms, Ruled 

 Lines, Artificial Star; Podura; Nobert's Lines; Moller's Probe Platte, etc., etc. 



SELECTION OF A MICROSCOPE Must be Adapted to Requirements and Skill of 

 User; Microscopes for Botany; For Physicians; For Students. 



ACCESSORY APPARATUS. Stage Forceps; Forceps Carrier; Plain Slides; Concave 

 Slides ; Watch-Glass Holder; Animalcule Cage; Zoophyte Trough ; The Weber Slide ; 

 The Cell-Trough; The Compressorium ; Gravity Compressonum; Growing Slides; 

 Frog Plate; Table; Double Nose-piece. 



ILLUMINATION. Sun- Light; Artificial Light Candles, Gas, Lamps, etc., etc. 



ILLUMINATION OF OPAQUE OBJECTS. Bulls- Eye Condenser; Side Reflector; The 

 Lieberkuhn; The Parabolic Reflector; Vertical Illuminators. 



ILLUMINATION OF TRANSPARENT OBJECTS. Direct and Reflected Light; Axial or 

 Central Ligh ; Oblique Light ; The Achromatic Condenser; The Webster Condenser, 

 and How to Use it; Wenham's Reflex Illuminator, and How to Use it; The Wenham 

 Prism; The "Half-Button;" The Woodward Illuminator; Tolles' Illuminating 

 Traverse Lens; The Spot Lens; The Parabolic Illuminator; Polarized Light. 



How TO USE THE MICROSCOPE. General Rules; Hints to Beginners. 



How TO USE OBJECTIVES OF LARGE APERTURE. Collar-Correction, etc. 



CARE OF THE MICROSCOPE. Should be Kept Covered; Care of Objectives: Pre- 

 cautions to be Used when Corrosive Vapors and Liquids are Employed ; To Protect 

 the Objectives from Vapors which Corrode Glass ; Cleaning the Objectives; Cleaning 

 th Brass Work. 



COLLECTING OBJECTS. Where to Find Objects ; What to Look for; How to Capture 

 Them. 



THE PREPARATION AND EXAMINATION OF OBJECTS. Cutting Thin Sections of 

 Soft Substances ; Valentine's Knife ; Sections of Wood and Bone; Improved Section 

 Cutter; Sections of Rock; Knives; Scissors; Needles; Dissecting Pans and Dishes ; 

 Dissecting Microscopes; Separation of Deposits from Liquids; Preparing Whole 

 Insects; Feet, Eyes, Tongues, Wings, etc., of Insects; Use of Chemical Tests; Liquids 

 for Moistening Objects; Refractive Powers of Different Liquids ; lod-Serum; Artificial 

 lod-Serum; Covers for Keeping Out Dust; Errors in Microscopic Observations. 



PRESERVATIVE PROCESSES. General Principles; Preservative Media. 



APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING OBJECTS. Slides; Covers; Cells; Turn-Tables, etc. 



CEMENTS AND VARNISHES. General Rules for Using. 



MOUNTING OBJECTS. Mounting Transparent Objects Dry; m Balsam ; in Liquids; 

 Whole Insects; How to Get Rid of Air-Bubbles ; Mounting Opaque Objects. 



FINISHING THB SLIDES. Cabinets ; Maltwood Finder ; Microscopical Fallacies. - 



