90' 



ON THE TRAINING OF VINES. 



greatest degree of force with which the strength of the 

 roots can propel it ; if it be trained in the direction of 

 &, c, or d, that force will be gradually diminished, as 

 the shoot approaches the horizontal position of d ; nev- 

 ertheless, the difference in the flow of the sap betwixt 

 the shoot at a, and that at d, will not be very great. 

 Immediately, however, the horizontal line d is passed, 

 and the shoot depressed below it in the direction of e, 

 the sap receives a considerable check, and the shoots 

 that push from it are proportionately weak. If trained 

 in the direction off, they will be weaker still, and if 

 directly downwards, as at g, the supply of sap will be 

 barely sufficient to mature the fruit. And, further, if 

 the shoot, instead of being trained in a straight line, be 

 bent in a crooked or serpentine manner, the flow of the 

 sap will be additionally retarded. Thus, if it be 

 trained in a serpentine manner, resembling the line h, 

 fig. 2, the sap will flow slower than if trained in a 



straight line ; if like the lines i, k, Z, successively slow- 

 er, the degree of slowness increasing in proportion to 

 the number of bends or curves which the shoot is made 

 to assume. If, therefore, the shoot g, fig. 1, be close- 

 ly serpentined in the manner of the line Z, fig. 2, the 



