196 Canadian Forestry Journal. 



The Determination of Timber Values, by Edward A. Braniff, 

 Forest Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Forestry. Reprint from 

 Year Book of Department of Agriculture, 1904. Pp. 7. 



This pamphlet gives the results of experiments made with 

 yellow birch, sugar maple and beech, in the hardwoods, and 

 long leaf pine in the coniferous woods, to ascertain exactly how 

 much more valuable is a particular kind of a tree of a certain 

 size, than another tree of the same kind and smaller size. Trees 

 were followed accurately from the mill to the lumber yard, and 

 the ultimate result of the calculation was that cutting birch and 

 maple trees 17 inches and over, the profit per thousand would 

 be $5.64; trees 8 inches and over, $6.04; trees 19 inches and over, 

 $6.46; 20 inches and over, $6.91. Tables are given of the con- 

 tents, values, &c., of the trees at the different diameters. The 

 experiments will be continued with other trees. The results of 

 this work will be useful to lumbermen in calculating the value 

 of their hardwoods. 



The Maple Sugar Industry, by Wm. F. Fox and W. F. Hubbard, 

 and The Adulterations of Maple Products, by H. W. 

 Wiley. Bulletin No. No. 59, U. S. Bureau of Forestry. 



This is an interesting sketch of the history and present 

 conditions of the maple sugar industry in the United States. 

 New York, Vennont and Ohio are the great producing States, 

 as they are the chief home of the hard maple (Acer Saccharinum) 

 which is the main source of the supply. The black variety has 

 the highest reputation as a sugar producer. Sap is also ob- 

 tained from the red and silver maples, but is not considered 

 of as high value. The management of a maple sugar wood 

 presents different problems from a Itmiber forest as the object 

 is not to produce long, straight trunks but to develop good heads 

 of foliage, as the quantity and richness of the sap depend largely 

 on this being provided for. At the same time forest conditions 

 must be maintained. The bulletin gives instructions as to the 

 best methods of treating different kinds of groves so as to bring 

 them into the proper condition to furnish the largest product. 



Adulteration appears to be a common practice with maple 

 products, as it is stated that the greater quantity of maple mo- 

 lasses or syrup on the market is adulterated in the true sense 

 of the word. One of the most common adulterants is glucose, 

 but sorghum or sugar cane is also often mixed with it. None 

 of these mixtures are necessarily harmful, but the great objection 

 is that the makers of the genuine article are forced into 

 competition with these extensive adulterations, thus lowering 

 the legitimate price. Every grove of maple trees would be 



