The Toronto 1909 Convention. 11 



square miles, while waste land (sand, gravel and rock formations 

 and steep hillsides) wo\ild total another 8,000 square miles, so 

 that it was safe to estimate eight million acres as the amotmt of 

 private land in older Ontario which should be managed for 

 forest crops. Estimating the annual increment at half a cord 

 per acre, this, at a stumpage value of S2.00 per thousand board 

 feet, would mean an annual resource of $8,000,000. In its 

 work of assisting private woodland owners in planting, the 

 Ontario Department of Agriculture had distributed 400,- 

 000 trees in 1908. The Department of Agriculture were 

 also making a start at the work of reclaiming the waste areas of 

 the province by tree planting. Of sandy land, unfit for agricul- 

 ture, Norfolk County had 10,000 acres, Lambton 40,000 acres, 

 Bruce 30,000 acres, Simcoe 60,000 acres and Northumberland and 

 Durham 15,000 acres. Large portions of these were not entirely 

 cleared, but were covered with a scrub growth. Frequent fires 

 killed out the young White Pine, which, if protected, would soon 

 cover much of these waste areas. In calculating the cost of 

 planting such lands, estimates were made as follows: rate of 

 interest, 3h per cent ; cost of land, $2 to $5 per acre ; cost of plant 

 material, $5 per acre ; cost of labor for planting, $5 per acre ; cost 

 of management and protection. 15c. per acre per year; rate of 

 taxes, 17 mills on the dollar per year. An acre of White Pine, 

 at the end of sixty years, would thus cost §165.34; this amount 

 was made up as follows: Cost land ($5) at 3^ per cent, for sixty 

 years, $39.39; cost of plants and planting ($10) at 3h per cent. 

 for sixty years, $78.78; management and protection, 15c. per 

 year, at 3^ per cent, for sixty years, $29.48; taxes, 9c. per 3^ear, 

 at 3^ per cent, for sixty years, $17.69. Assimiing (on the basis of 

 various studies made in the Lake States and elsewhere) that at 

 the end of sixty years thei-e would be left on the acre two hundred 

 trees of an average diameter of eighteen inches (each of which 

 trees would vield at least 300 ft. b.m.) we get a yield of 60,000 

 board feet, which, at $10.00 per M stumpage would be worth 

 $600.00. The net profit was thus $439.60, equivalent to an annual 

 rental of $2.25 during the sixty years. Mr. Zavitz concluded his 

 paper with a short review of the work in replanting carried on in 

 Prussia, France, Japan, the United States, the states of New 

 York and Wisconsin and by the Pennsylvania Railway. 



The Paper Manufacturer and the Forest. 



Mr. Carl Riordon, General Manager of the Riordon Paper 

 Mills, followed with a paper entitled "The Attitude of the Paper 

 Manufacturer towards Conservative Forestry Methods." In 

 summing up his paper Mr. Riordon said: 



"I think, then, that the pulp and paper industry has 

 most at stake in the forest and is likely to adopt conservative 

 methods in the use of it in so far as cost and profit will 



