88 



The Canadian Forestry Journal. 



tree must be allowed to stop growing 

 so that it will harden for the winter. 



In the fall just before the ground 

 freezes the soil should be thoroughly 

 saturated with water. 



Trees should be protected from dogs 

 and other animals by placing guards 

 around them. 



Trees can be protected against insect 

 attack by spraying with London Purple 

 or Paris Green or a mixture of these. 

 A first spraying should be done about 

 the middle of June. Then in two weeks 

 the trees should be sprayed again and 

 in two weeks more they should have a 

 third spraying. 



Forestry in Canada. 



(A paper read by Mr. R. H. Campbell, Superintendent of Forestry, before 

 the Dominion Land Surveyors' Association.) 



Forestry is an art long practised and 

 now has reached the position of a 

 science with defined principles and with 

 many well determined results of scien- 

 tific investigation. The beginning of 

 forestry was the protection of wood- 

 lands for the preservation of game for 

 the king's sport and tht forester was the 

 king's huntsman. A forest at that time 

 was not necessarily covered with trees; 

 it was merely a hunting ground. Later 

 the supply of wood became the chief 

 purpose of the forest and from that time 

 dates the inception of scientific forest 

 management. To produce the best 

 wood and the most wood was the prob- 

 lem. Then began the enquiry into the 

 productiveness of different tree species; 

 the relation of soil and climate to their 

 growth and development, their relative 

 vigor of growth and fitness to survive in 

 the struggle for existence which charac- 

 terises tree life as all other, the enemies, 

 insect, fixngal or other, which prey upon 

 them. In short, man's intelligence had 

 placed before it for solution one of the 

 greatest and most interesting problems 

 of nature and economics, the study of 

 a life, varied, multiform, fascinating to 

 the eye and to the mind, and the direct- 

 ing of that Hving force to meet the needs 

 and increase the happiness of mankmd. 



The forest has always had its mystery 

 and its magic, whether it towered m 

 sombre grandeur over the rites of sonie 

 heathen or Druidic festival, whether it 

 was woven into the canoe of some 

 Indian Hiawatha, or uttered its voice- 

 less but irresistible call to the coureurs 

 du bois and the backwoodsmen, and the 

 call of the wild is still strong enough to 

 draw men from ease and comfort to 

 thread the mazes and tangles of its 



forests and brules and to brave the 

 danger and discomfort of isolation, 

 exposure — and even mosquitoes. From 

 the days of the French pioneer and of the 

 hardy woodsman who cleared the fertile 

 acres of the Province of Ontario, the 

 forest has been inwoven with the history 

 of Canada and nature proclaims by the 

 vast areas of rocky and sterile land and 

 the great watersheds they dominate that 

 if the Dominion is to attain its highest 

 prosperity and best development, the 

 forest must be preserved and perpetuat- 

 ed. 



The Reproduction of the Trees. 



What does the forester enquire into? 

 First is the life history of the tree. 

 Where does that begin? You have seen 

 sprouting from the stump of an elm, or 

 chestnut, or maple, shoots which finally 

 develop into trees; you have seen the 

 poplar sending up suckers through your 

 lawn, but the normal method of re- 

 production, and, in the case of practic- 

 ally all the coniferous trees the only one, 

 is from seed. The processes of nature 

 are patient and sure, but never hurried. 

 The tree must begin with the seed. The 

 crop that we are reaping now was mostly 

 sown a century or two ago, the half 

 mature crop we may yet see harvested, 

 but the crop that is now being sown 

 none of us shall live to see gathered in in 

 its maturity. The first fact for the 

 forester is that he must have a seed 

 supply. 



In looking for it he learns something 

 more. Poplar and birch and cherry and 

 hardwoods generallj^ have a crop of seed 

 every year, but pine and spruce and 

 tamarack only every three or four years. 

 So when land is denuded of forest by 



