170 



Canadian Forestry Journal. 



firm by braces which were nailed to it 

 at one end, the other ends being spiked 

 to posts driven into the ground. A wire 

 was stretched from post to post across 

 the river and marked at intervals of five 

 feet with tin hangers, upon which were 

 marked the distances from a zero point. 

 This point was generally taken on the 

 face of the bench-mark. 



Low water gauging stations of this 

 sort were placed at eight places on the 

 river; the first of these is situated close 

 to the place where the river enters 

 Canada, the last is about two hundred 

 yards north of the International boun- 

 dary near the spot where the river re- 

 enters the state of Montana. A low- 

 water gauging station was also placed 

 at Sage Creek and elevations for cable 

 stations were run at Lodge and Battle 

 Creeks. 



Cable stations were erected on the 

 river only; these were seven in number. 

 A bridge station was also established at 

 Milk River Station. The length of the 

 spans differed considerably, varying 

 from 140 feet to 350 feet. The heights 

 of the frames varied in a corresponding 

 manner, from fourteen feet to twentv 



three feet. A picture of one of the 

 frames is shown. The timber for these 

 was assembled right on the line of the 

 section. A "deadman" was placed six 

 feet in the ground and between twenty 

 and thirty feet back from the frame. 

 Arovmd this the main cable was looped 

 and then stretched over the top of the 

 frames, across the river and around 

 another "deadman" on the other side 

 of the river. A turnbuckle was placed 

 in the main cable at one end for the 

 purpose of adjusting the proper sag. 

 A smaller wire was simultaneously 

 stretched to serve as a measuring wire 

 and tin hangers denoting the distance 

 from the zero point were fastened to it. 

 Thirty feet upstream another smaller 

 wire stretched across the river. The 

 purpose of this wire was, by means of a 

 cord, to hold the meter stationary and 

 pointing up-stream, when the current 

 is swift. 



The erection of these stations was 

 completed by the end of October after 

 which the assistant and the teamster 

 made a trip of inspection to see that all 

 was in proper running order and leave 

 everything in readiness for the district 

 hydrographer next season. 



The Forest Schools. 



The Faculty of Forestry at the 

 University of Toronto now has an 

 enrolment of forty-three students, of 

 whom twenty-four are new men. A 

 number of these are graduates, some 

 have spent a year or two in other 

 faculties, others have been from two 

 to six years in business; the average 

 age of the student in the faculty of 

 forestry is thus distinctly ahead of that 

 of the ordinary undergrad. The six- 

 year combined Arts and Forestry course 

 is now in full operation, two men being 

 in the third year of it and one man in 

 the first. The library now numbers 

 over 2,000 volumes and is free to all 

 students. 



At the beginning of the past term 

 the three men of the senior class were, 

 in response to a request for assistance, 

 allowed to go to Maine where they were 

 employed in forest survey work in con- 

 nection with the estimation of damage 



to forests alleged to have been done by 

 locomotives of the Canadian Pacific 

 Railway. Two of the junior class also 

 assisted Mr. E. J. Zavitz in marking 

 timber in Rondeau Park. One of the 

 seniors has also been employed in doing 

 survey work for the same lumber com- 

 pany which has employed several of the 

 advanced men during the past two 

 summers. 



The University of New Bruns- 

 wick has ten men enrolled in the De- 

 partment of Forestry; four of these are 

 in the senior class. Under Prof. R. B. 

 Miller, the professor in charge, special 

 attention is being given this year to the 

 practical work of cruising and mapping 

 timber. A couple of representatives of 

 this school also took part in the work 

 of estimating fire damage in Maine along 

 with L^niversity of Toronto men and 

 others. Fire patrol, timber cruising and 

 similar practical work also occupied the 



