Canadian Forcslry Journal, Xovcmber, 1918 



1917 



Trees 



Rv Joyce Kilmer 

 {A. E. F.; Killed in France) 



I think that I shall never see 



A poem lovely as a tree. 



A tree whose hungry mouth is pressed 



Against the earth's sweet flowing breast; 



A tree that looks at God all day 



And lifts her leafy arms to pray; 



A tree that may in summer wear 



A nest of Robins in her hair; 



Upon w^hose -bosom snow has lain ; 



Who intimately lives with rain. • 



Poems are made by fools like me, 



But only God can make a tree. 



Winter Injury to Trees 1917-18 



By W. T. Macoun, Dominion Horticulturist 



Most Damaging Season Since 1903-4. Too 

 Much Tree Moisture Lost to Permit Recovery 



The severe winter of 1917-18 caused 

 the death of many native trees in 

 Canada and exotic trees and shrubs, 

 including tree fruits, suffered badly. 

 Not since the winter of 1903-4 has 

 there been such injury to trees in 

 Eastern Canada. The winters of 

 1903-4 and 1917-18 were very much 

 ahke in that the temperature rose 

 above freezing on very few days, and 

 there was little thawing in Eastern 

 Ontario and Quebec, where most of 

 the injury occurred, for nearly four 

 months. During the winter of 1903-4 

 the temperature was below zero, 

 Fahr., on 58 different days at Ottawa, 

 while last winter it was below zero 

 on 57 different days. The lowest 

 the temperature went at Ottawa in 

 1903-4 was 30.2 degrees F., below 

 zero, and the lowest in 1917-18, 31 

 degrees below. The character of the 

 winter at Ottawa is given as an exam- 

 ple of what occurred in other parts 

 of Ontario and Quebec, the tempera- 



tures being much lower in some places 

 than they were at Ottawa. 



Forms of Frost Injury. 



In the bulletin called, "The Apple 

 in Canada," by the writer, thirteen 

 forms of frost injury are described, 

 namely, 1. Root-killing; 2. Bark- 

 splitting; 3. Trunk-splitting; 4. Sun- 

 scald; 5. Crotch Injury; 6. Killing 

 Back; 7. Black Heart; 8. Discoloura- 

 tion of Sap Wood; 9. Trunk or Body 

 Injury, Including Killing of the 

 Branches; 10. Kilhng of Dormant 

 Buds; 11. Winter Killing of Swollen 

 Buds; 12. Frost Injury to Flowers; 

 13. Russeting of Fruit Due to Frost. 



The winter killing in 1917 was 

 mainly due to Trunk or Body Injury, 

 including killing of the branches, 

 although some of the other forms of 

 injury were found also. The trees 

 matured their wood well in the 

 autumn of 1917. 



In the writer's opinion, the reason 

 why so many trees were killed is 

 that, owing to the long continued 



