Cnnndinn I'nlp Woods. 



40 



iiii'i' liiiixls, it is iiiui'li It'ss suitalilc tHi 

 ;;rourul wood tiiaii s|irufe or lialsniii, Imt. 

 owiii;^ to its noM-r*>sitious cliarai-tfr, it i^ 

 tjuitt' suitalilc for tlic pioiliirt ioii of Mil 

 {•hito fil»r<'. Tin' liciiilock fihro is lar;icr 

 anil coarsor tliaii the spruci', and sinii- 

 the wood is niori' li;;nifu'd there is u lower 

 lierfentaire vicM of i-i'lluhisc 



.lack I'inr, I'iinis liitiihxUinn. ThiH is u 

 Bjieeies of conifer which siiould lie of iin- 

 portance in i>nl|>niakin;i, for there are 

 very hir;;e (juantities "jrowinf; in some 

 ilistricts. ami tiie tree is really too small 

 to l>e of much importam'e for lumlier. 

 Thi^ woiiil, which is locally called Jack 

 IMne, ]»resents some iniportant technical 

 ditl'culties in its use, hut it will no doulit 

 in the nejir future lie ^.'enerally utilized. 

 The wood is li;j;ht, soft and rather close 

 ^.'rained. The medullary rays are iiiimer 

 ous, and these are ^^enerally very much 

 in evidence in any low ^jraih* suljdiite 

 made from this wood. In comparison with 

 other pulp woods, this wood is very resi 

 nous, the resin content proltaldy avera;; 

 in^' aliout - per cent. The heart is li;,'lit 

 hrown in color and the sap white. Spn-i 

 fice {iravity, l».47(51, ash ^^:l^.\. This wood 

 is now bein;,' used to some extent for 

 railway sleejiers and pulji, there liein;; no 

 unsurmountalile olijections t<i its use in 

 pul|> makinj:, when jiroper workinj; ]>ro 

 cesses are employed. The (ilire of the 

 jack jiine resemldes the hemlock in struc- 

 ture, hut the wood is of softer nature, 

 althou;,'h heavier in wei<;ht. Amon;:>t 

 pul|i woods, therefore, these two woods, 

 with some others of similar eharucter, 

 mij:iit easily he placed in a class by them 

 •selves, a s(>cond f;r;»de. 



Hardwoods Used for Pulp. 



Amongst IJic liro:.d leafed trt'es we hav<' 

 tiie poplar and white birch, which are 

 (lestin«'«l to take a place of considerable 

 im|>ortance in the manufacture of pulp. 



Poplar, or aspen, J'niniliis tmniilniilri. 

 This is the most widely ilist rihuted NMrti. 

 Amerii'an tree, and it occurs in alm<'-t 

 any place where virj;in tindier is bein;; 

 replaced by a younger growth. It is » 

 small tree, barely lnr;,'e enough for lum 

 her. and its wood is liyht, soft, clo«.«' 

 grained and compaet. The i-olor 

 heart is a lijiht brown, b»it it h.i- 

 sapwnod whiih is nearly wt 

 wood is also non-resinous and ii~ 

 frravity is 0.4<l.'ll.', while its nsh is 



Halm of (Jileail, I'nimliis h ' 

 This is an allied species to ti.« 

 common nion;; the shores of n 

 rivers. It is a l!ir;.'e free, but I' 

 and the i-haracti-rist i<s of the w. 

 quite similar to that of the poplar i • 

 tibre in both of these woods is -lu.'t 1 

 ab»>ut one-half the len^jth of t 

 and this is the factor wt 

 largely the use of these pu , 

 balm, however, is a lijrbtor wood thau tliv 



p-ij^ir, -Mil.,- li ,|j,. gruvitv of 



i».:i«>:ilJ, its asli I 



Of th. 

 allied sp. 

 able for m.'ikiii:,' pulp. 



The White Itirch. Hrhi» ' ' 



is a short lived tree of ^ 



sometimes 



feet. It ^'i. 



dotted or burned lands. I i 



lijjht, el"-' '•'■ned and n<i: ,.., . 



color of <rt in li^ht br<iMn 



snp II ear In 



the lar;;er ; 



best ailapted lor p> 



ity of thU \\ iMid i- ' 



per cent 



The laj-'-r liiri-ii, >•< ' 

 This is a very widely •! 

 throu;.'liout tlie whole of < 

 very common in the iior- 

 re^iion, and arrows fart' 

 other deciduous trc> 

 hard, iKni-resiiious 

 heart has a 

 is white. > 

 tLlM pi'r cent. 



The Jibre of the hi' i ' 



Hli;;htly loii;;er thnn tl 



can be used t- 



with it or repl 



to .">0 per cent, he 



ever, they are more .. 



the fort»st, a8 they nr- 



^'reen and <lo ii' ' ' ' >*< ii 



ailvanta;;e in \ ••«>rd, 



on)> that should luily fur tti«» 



exfr.a cost of r!ri\ iti^' • 



Wcftcrn Conifers 



Kn^elmanii, or Whit' 

 iirliiiiinni. ']" 

 the i-entral 

 the I'ea.e I; 

 it form-. e\ ' 

 over 

 tree, . \. . ji 



HOOil is soft. 



HilllM. ..r 



nnd 

 fevt 



■ r\< 



i-ciui: ai"'u; 



