68 Milk and Its Products 



Dutch race has prevented the importation of animals 

 from other countries, and so the race has been kept 

 practically pure, some authorities say for as much 

 as two hundred and fifty years. The Dutch cattle 

 have been developed very largely upon grass in lux- 

 uriant pastures in the summer time, and on hay, 

 supplemented with very little grain, in the winter. 

 This has resulted in developing an animal of large 

 size, capable of yielding a large flow of milk, but 

 milk not very rich in fat, which is the prominent 

 characteristic of this race of cattle. 



Holstein cattle are large in size, ranking well up 

 with the Shorthorn, Hereford and other beef breeds. 

 They are inclined to have straight bones, long faces, 

 straight, sometimes rather long legs, and straight 

 backs. Many animals, however, have a distinct droop 

 to the rump from the hip to the root of the tail, 

 which breeders constantly select against. 



In color, Holstein cattle are black and white, and 

 in any proportion, running from almost pure white to 

 almost pure black, an(i, in cases where the colors are 

 more equally distributed, the colors may be finely 

 broken up, or may be in large patches. Most Ameri- 

 can breeders prefer an animal rather more than half 

 white, with the black and white colors in rather large 

 areas. Peculiarities of coloring, either in propor- 

 tions or markings, do not run very strongly in fam- 

 ily lines, and an animal that is largely white may, 

 and often does, produce offspring in which black is 

 the predominating color, and vice versa. 



Holstein cattle were introduced into the United 



