Standards 151 



Standards. The commissions that are now super- 

 vising the production of certified milk have established 

 various standards as to composition and bacterial con- 

 tent. Most of these standards exclude from certifica- 

 tion milk that has a general bacterial content of more 

 than from 10,000 to 30,000 per cubic centimeter, and 

 the requirement as to fat -content is usually some- 

 what more than 4 per cent. It is not at all. uncom- 

 mon for careful producers to secure milk having but 

 a few hundred bacteria per cubic centimeter. 



Production. In the production of certified milk, it 

 is quite essential that the stables be constructed with 

 particular reference to cleanliness. As the labor in- 

 volved is one of the most important factors in the 

 expense of production, the ease with which the stable 

 may be kept clean becomes an important factor. As 

 wood was formerly the cheapest of the building ma- 

 terials in this country, it was used largely and, in many 

 cases, almost exclusively, in the construction of sta- 

 bles; but, as the certified milk producer desires the 

 most sanitary and at the same time the most durable 

 structure, he has eliminated wood as a building ma- 

 terial to a large degree. While glazed tile and glazed 

 brick make a most ideal structure, yet their expense 

 in most cases prevents their use in the construction 

 of stables that are to prove financially a paying invest- 

 ment. Modern methods of cement construction are 

 proving quite satisfactory. The floors, walls, and 

 even the roof, are sometimes constructed of this ma- 

 terial and seem to meet, fairly well, the requirements 

 of a stable for the production of certified milk. Mod- 



