102 The Animal Mind 



attack. Males do not distinguish strangers from nest 

 mates, and a female after the marriage flight will be re- 

 ceived in a strange nest. Brun (104) has observed that 

 ants carrying larvae will be tolerantly received, and that if 

 ants from two nests are tumbled into a sack together and 

 then tumbled out into a strange place, their hostility to 

 each other is inhibited by their general disturbance and 

 fright. 



Termites, which, although they belong to the order of 

 neuropterous insects and not to the Hymenoptera, have 

 developed an organized community life much like that of 

 ants, show the same tendency as ants to attack strangers. 

 The young are not attacked, nor does the righting response 

 occur when large numbers are hastily tumbled together. 

 That the hostile response is made to a chemical stimulus, 

 at least in part, appears from the fact that "a well-washed 

 termite is attacked by both aliens and fellows," but the 

 observations do not give quite so definite results as those 

 on ants (6). 



Fielde, as the result of a study of the genus Stenamma, 

 concludes that each ant is the bearer of three distinct odors : 

 the individual odor, which enables her to follow her own 

 trail in a labyrinth, and the reception of which depends upon 

 the tenth segment of the antennae ; the race odor, depen- 

 dent on the eleventh segment ; and the nest odor, depen- 

 dent on the twelfth (219). No other investigator, however, 

 finds evidence of any such specialization of the antennal 

 segments, and Mclndoo, as we have seen, wholly rejects 

 the antennae as a smell organ. In a later article Fielde con- 

 cludes that the nest odor of the worker ants is derived 

 from their queen mother; that the odor of the queen is 

 unchanging, and is imparted to her eggs. The worker, 

 however, gradually changes its odor. Queens of diverse 



