72 MINERALS AND GEOLOGY 



more especially in the townships of Lake, Madoc, Elzevir, Hnngerford, 

 &c., in the County of Hastings ; North Burgess in Lanark ; Escott 

 and Bastard in Leeds, and throughout the gneissoid region generally 

 between the Ottawa and Lake Huron. *Plie accompanying veinstone 

 is mostly calcspar, but in some places it consists of quartz, or is of a 

 granitic nature. Specks of galena, blende, and iron pyrites, usually 

 accompany the copper ore. t' This mineral has been found also in calc- 

 spar veins traversing gneiss in Kildare, Joliette County, in the Pro- 

 vince of Quebec. 



In the Huronian strata, this ore is far more abundant. Numerous 

 veins, with quartz gangue, occur on the north shore of Lake Huron. 

 Many of these veins carry workable quantities of copper pyrites, 

 accompanied in most cases by small portions of variegated pyrites, and 

 also by copper glance, iron pyrites, &c. The best known are those 

 of the Bruce and Wellington Mines ; but others occur at Copper Bay, 

 White Fish River, Spanish River, Garden River, Root River, Echo 

 Lake, and elsewhere in that district. Very large quantities have 

 lately been found in the vicinity of Sudbury. 



Copper Pyrites occurs also in many localities on the east and north 

 shores of Lake Superior, in veins traversing strata apparently of Cam- 

 brian age (see Part V). These are known as the Copper-Bearing 

 series of Lake Superior. Among other localities may be enumerated : 

 Bachewahning Bay, Maimanse, Point-aux-Mines, Mica Bay, Black 

 River, Black Bay, Thunder Bay, and locations between Thunder Bay 

 and Dog Lake on the Kaministiquia. Some of rhese veins carry but 

 small quantities of ore, but others are exeedingly rich : those especially 

 which occur in the vicinity of Black Bay, and in the country north 

 of Thunder Bay. Samples from these latter districts, collected per- 

 sonally, and others obtained by Mr. S. J. Dawson, have yielded 

 amounts of gold varying from a few dwts. to about an oz. troy in the 

 ton of 2000 Ibs. of ore. The gangue of these veins is either quartz, 

 or a mixture of calcspar, heavy spar, amethystine quartz, and fluor 

 spar ; and the copper ore is generally accompanied by galena, zinc 

 blende, and iron pyrites. 



Finally, Copper Pyrites is widely distributed throughout many of 

 the Eastern Townships in the Province of Quebec. In some places, 

 the copper of this region is entirely in the form of yellow pyrites ; 

 in others, chiefly in the state of purple or variegated ore (No 15, 



