OF CENTRAL CANADA PART V. 301 



Survey to the " Saugeen " division ; and in their higher beds, of ridges 

 and widely-spread accumulations of fine sand only, referred to the 

 " Algoma " series. The stratified clays (of gray, red, and buff 

 colors) are seen in places on the north shore of Lake Huron and 

 St. Mary's River, and prominently in the high terraces around the 

 Sault, as well as on the Pic River, and in the ancient banks of the 

 Kaministiquia and other rivers of Lake Superior. The higher sands 

 are also displayed in the Kaministiquia banks, and more or less 

 throughout the Nepigon country, where they form in places hills and 

 ridges of considerable elevation. Also on the Pic River, and largely 

 around Michipicoten Harbour, and on the Goulais River ; and along 

 nearly all the river valleys, and over many intervening tracts of 

 country north of Lake Huron. 



Economic Minerals : At many localities within this vast region, 

 and notably in the Huronian, Animikie and Keweenian areas, the 

 presence of great mineral wealth has been fully proved. But very 

 little has been done in the way of actual mining. Many of the so- 

 called mines of the district are merely mineral looations on which 

 only a few test pits have been sunk. And where mining has been 

 attempted, it has in several instances been prematurely abandoned 

 owing to want of capital or other causes. Somewhat extensive opera- 

 tions, however, are now being carried on in the vicinity of Sudbury, 

 and at the Rabbit Hill and Beaver Mines north of Thunder Bay. 

 The more important metalliferous localities are given in the following 

 list: 



Gold : This metal has been found both in the free state, and in 

 small quantities varying from a few pennyweights to over an ounce 

 per ton, in the copper-ore deposits of Sudbury and surrounding coun- 

 try, in Huronian rocks. Also in the same geological formation at 

 the Lake of the Woods, chiefly around Big Stone Bay, where it occurs 

 in quartz veins with iron and copper pyrites, zinc blende, &c. The 

 principal " mines " are known as the George Heenan, Winnipeg 

 Consolidated, Keewatin, Gold Hill, Pine Portage, and Sultana 

 Mines, but of late little or no work has been done upon them. Gold- 

 bearing pyrito-quartzose veins occur also in Huronian rocks at Vic- 

 toria Cape, Lake Superior ; and in the dark slates of the Animikie 

 formation north and west of Thunder Bay, but in that district the 

 ores are chiefly argentiferous. In a vein carrying galena, zinc blende 



