316 MINERALS AND GEOLOGY 



(fig. 194) ; Lepto&na sericea (fig. 196) ; Orthis testudinaria (fig. 197) ; 

 Orthis tricenaria (fig. 198); Platystroplda lynx (fig. 200); Orbicu- 

 loidea Circe (fig. 202) ; Linyula quadrata (fig. 206) ; Ambonychia 

 radiata (fig. 208); Conularia Trentonensis (fig. 218); Pleurotomaria 

 Progne (fig. 219) ; Murchisonia gracilis (fig. 220) ; Maclurea Logani 

 (fig. 222); Platyceras angulatum (fig. 223); Subulites elongatus (fig. 

 225); Orthoceras proteiforme (fig. 232). 



Characteristic exposures of the Black River and Trenton strata of 

 this district may be seen more especially at the following spots : 

 Kingston city and environs, where the limestone beds contain in places 

 crystallized examples of celestine (page 131), gypsum (page 131), 

 and other minerals ; Clare River in Sheffield township ; Crow River 

 near Marmora ; Shannon ville ; River Moira at Belleville and else- 

 where ; Ox Point, Bay of Quinte ; Rednersville on the south shore 

 of the Bay ; Trenton, Healy's Falls, and elsewhere, on the Trent 

 River ; environs of Peterborough ; river banks at Lakefield ; Quarry 

 near Burleigh Falls on Stony Lake ; Bobcaygeon ; Balsam Lake, south 

 shore ; Fenelon Falls ; River Scugog near Lindsay ; north east shore 

 of Lake Couchiching ; and Lake St. John in Rama township, where 

 the strata are seen in unconformable contact with the underlying 

 Laurentian gneiss. 



The Utica Formation is made up almost entirely of dark-brown or 

 black bituminous shales, interstratified here and there with beds of 

 dark limestone, the total thickness of the Formation in this district 

 being under 100 feet. The shales weather light grey, and yield by 

 atmospheric disintegration a soil of much fertility. In some localities, 

 as in the townships of Collingwood and Whitby, they are sufficiently 

 bituminous to yield a considerable quantity of mineral oil by dis- 

 tillation. The Collingwood shales, for example, have yielded as much 

 as 20 gallons of oil to the ton of shale ; but the distilleries have 

 long been closed, in consequence of the large and cheap supply of 

 mineral oil furnished by the petroleum wells of Western Ontario 

 and the United States. The more characteristic Utica fossils com- 

 prise : Uiplograptus pristis (fig. 132); Asaphus Canadensis, the 

 pygidium especially, (fig. 169); Triarthrus Beckii (fig. 177); Lingula 

 obtusa (fig. 207) ; Rhynconella increbescens (fig. 191), and some other 

 species which occur in both the underlying Trenton and overlying 

 Hudson River Strata the formations constituting strictly a single 



