GALL BLADDER. 145 



to be discussed. In both it can be seen that the record of the gall-bladder 

 response to sympathetic stimulation shows, apart from the false effect of 

 extraneous pressure, a true rise of tone, succeeding the inhibitory fall, 

 and persisting for some time. It is probable that the improvement 

 of blood-supply, caused by the greater permanence of the general than of 

 the local effect of the sympathetic stimulation, is mainly responsible 



.*"'"*" 1 '*'V...*,, 



Fig. 7. Fig. 8. 



Fig. 7. x %$. Curare. Gall-bladder not separated from liver. " Artificial gall-bladder," 

 between lobes of liver. Vagi and splanchnics cut. At F 4 c.c. 1 in 30,000 adrenalin 

 chloride intravenously. Usual rise of blood-pressure. Between X X, the lever of 

 recorder having reached its limit, air was let out of recorder. 



Fig. 8. x . From same experiment as Fig. 7, after separation of gall-bladder from liver. 

 At K 6 c.c. of 1 in 30,000 adrenalin chloride intravenously. The usual rise of blood- 

 pressure occurred. 



for this. In harmony with this view is the greater prominence of this 

 after-tone with adrenalin than with stimulation of the right splanchnic. 

 The hypersemia of the abdominal viscera, as the effect of an adrenalin 

 injection wanes, is a well-known phenomenon. We have already men- 

 tioned the fact that stimulation of the left splanchnic, which we hold to 

 be without direct effect upon the gall-bladder, produces a rise of its 

 muscular tone, which we regard as an effect of the kind under 

 discussion, due to the rise of general blood-pressure. 



When the blood-pressure and the tone of the gall-bladder have both 

 sunk to a low level, as at the end of a long experiment, we have several 

 times observed a true increase of the tone of the gall-bladder in response 

 to an injection of adrenalin. Fig. 9 shows such an effect. In this case 

 the injection of adrenalin caused a permanent improvement in the 

 blood-pressure, and to this we attribute at least the greater part of the 



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