120 nORSEMANSHIP, 



and at three years old the sixth grinder is distinctly 

 visible. These are shed in the course of time for 

 permanent teeth. 



The throat or thropple of the horse should be largo, 

 and the width between the jaws very great. Some 

 persons are remarkably particular in trying the con- 

 dition of the throat and the lungs by grasping the 

 windpipe just behind the larynx, and consider it to be 

 the very best method in detecting any derangement that 

 may exist. This system is known as "coughing the 

 horse." In the roarer, the cough produced by the 

 constriction will be a long deep roar ; in the horse 

 with broken wind, the cough will be short and husky j 

 and in the horse with sound lungs, the cough will 

 be full, long, and clear. A very slight compression 

 with the fingers and thumb will produce the effect 

 desired. 



The neck should be moderately short and muscular, 

 having a thin ridge and mane. The very long neck is 

 objectionable to quick breathing, from the extreme dis- 

 tance from the lungs. The shoulders should be set 

 well back, having a good breadth across the points of 

 the blades, such horses being freer in their breathing 

 and in their paces. The points of the shoulders should 



