NIGERIA 193 



Verbenace^ by Vitex Cienkowskii, a fair-sized tree, V . diver sifolia , 

 a small tree or shrub, and undershrubs such as Lantana salvifolia, Lippia 

 Ukambensis, and a few species of Clerodendron, etc. 



EuPHORBiACE^ by Uapaca Guineense, usually only a rather small 

 tree in the deciduous forest, Bridelia ferruginea and B. scleroneura, 

 both shrubs, Phyllanthus floribundus, forming sometimes thicket-like 

 clumps, P. reticulatus, a shrub, Flueggea microcarpa, a white-berried 

 shrub, Antidesma venosum, and very typically by the Jan yaro, 

 Hymenocardia acida, a shrub which in these open regions has nearly 

 always an ochre-red bark. Numerous herbs and half-woody weeds 

 are common, belonging to the genus Euphorbia {E. piluUfera, E. 

 uEgyptiaca, and congeners), Acalypha, Phyllanthus, etc., the Castor 

 Oil shrub {Ricinus communis) and the Physic Nut {Jatropha curcas) 

 are cultivated, while thoroughly representative through the whole 

 area are the familiar cactus-like Tinya, Euphorbia unispina and E. 

 Poissoni, and the Kerana, E. Barteri, the latter at least never away 

 from habitations. 



MoRACE^ by a host of species of the genus Ficus (or Urostigma) 

 not yet fully elaborated botanically, e.g. Baure, Chediya, Durumi, 

 Kauriri, Wa, etc. 



Ulmace^. a representative variety is Celtis integrifoUa, a 

 fairly large tree. 



Salicace^ by one species of Salix. 



LoRANTHACE^ by scven or eight species of the parasite Loranthus, 

 called Kauchi, clothing deciduous trees with epiphytic foliage. 



Orders represented mainly by flowering herbs, undershrubs, etc., 

 are : 



Menispermace^ by the popular medicinal twiner Jibda kassa, 

 Cissampelos Pareira. 



Nympheaceje by at least four species of Bada or water-lily, 

 Nymphcea. 



Papaverace^ by the Yellow Poppy, Argemone Mexicana. 



Caryophyllace^ by species of Polycarpcea characteristic of the 

 dry zone. 



Geraniace^ by the familiar weed Biophytum sensitivum. 



Droserace^ by the widely distributed Sun-dew, Drosera indica. 



Ampelide^ by numerous vines of the genera Vitis, Cissus, and 

 Ampelocissus, of which perhaps the most striking are Dodoriya, 

 Vitis quadrangidaris, and Dafara, Vitis pallida, while wild vines 

 with edible berries called Tsiberi kinkini are generally of one or other 

 species of Ampelocissus. 



CucuRBiTACE^ by the familiar cultivated Kabeova or pumpkin, 

 Cucurbita Pepo, and Duma, the bottle-gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris, 

 with its endless varieties, the Guna or water-melon, Citrullus vulgaris, 

 and by many wild and half-wild species, e.g. the Balsam Apple, 



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