1884 



GLEANINGS IN IJEE CULTURE. 



583 



In the engraving below, wliich we copy from 

 Disston's "Lunil»enu;urs Hand-book,*" you 

 will notice about tlip shaix' the throat should 

 be. When made round, as shown l)elow, it 

 is much less liable to lill u]) with gum and 

 sawdust from the lumber. Sharj) corners 

 are always out of place in melMl work or ma- 

 chinery, "when they can jxissibly lie avoided ; 

 and for the tooth of a circular saw, ;i round 

 corner oi' curve gives a much stilfer tooth, 

 besides this matter of iilling up witli dust. 

 Well, lastspriug it struck me, that, by liav- 

 ing our cant liles made witii tliis corner 

 roumled, something like a rat-tail iile, in- 

 stead of being made with a sharp knife edge, 

 it would give tlie pioper shaiie to tlie root of 

 the lootli. and would, at the same time, rem- 

 edy the trouble we often have, by having the 

 teeth of the Iile on this knife edge crumble or 

 break down. 



We have been selling these files now for 

 several months back. In order to get them 

 we were obliged to order a))out S-lod worth, 

 that the file-makers could put in the re(juisite 

 machinery to finish them this way without 

 too much expense. We have tliem now, 

 made 4, o, 0, 8, and 10 inches in length, at 

 prices respectively, 10, 1"), 20, 25, and ;>5 cts. 

 I presume I might get this idea patented, as 

 it is, so far as I know, my own invention ; 

 but then, I think I would rather enjoy hear- 

 ing you tell how nnich you appreciate the 

 improvement, than to have a patent. 



In regard to the matter of square corners, 

 we copy the following from Disston's l)ook. 

 as mentioned above. He is speaking i^f the 

 common way of filing a sharp corner : 



PROPER SHAPE OF THE TOOTH FOR A CIKCULAH 

 SAW. 



Tcetli filed with sliari), square corners at the liot- 

 toni fre(iiHMitlv break. It is huiieiitable to see this 

 state ol' tliiiijis wliin tln'v can lie so easily avoided. 



We have thdusands of dollars' worth of saws come 

 to be rejiaircd, that break in cold weather by rea- 

 son of these sharp coiners. They are ruinous to 

 tlie saw in more wavs than one. If you will sec to 

 having- your saw's teeth kcjit in the shajic they 

 leave us, .vou will do away with this trouble and ex- 

 pense. The moment the teeth commence to fict in 

 bad shape, your saw begins to sutler in diameter, 

 from the fact that the tiler, wishing; to f^ct his i)oiuts 

 Sharp too soon, files from the toj, Instead of the face 

 of the tooth. This does not help him one i>artlele, 

 but rather the r"\ orsr; and cvciy stioke ol the file 

 on the toj) weais the saw away more than five 

 strokes on the lace or under side of the tooth. 



The cnyravinKof the.Iones tooth willfully illus- 

 trate the evils of this pernicious and destructive 

 practice. 



In the cut above, Disston illustrates the 

 shape of the tooth of a saw sent them for re- 



f)airs. To avoid hurting anybody's feelings, 

 le calls it the "Jones'' tootll. 



FITjINO the top of the SAW-TOOTH, INSTEAD f>V 



FILINO ON THE UNDER SIDE, AS IT SflOULD BE 



DONE. 



Tills kind of filing- wears away the saw five times 

 as fast, and consumes three times as many files as 

 would be i-equired to do the work jiroperly. Hut 

 these are onl\- a portion of the evil results. 



Thlsen-ravluK repieseids a full sized tooth, ac- 

 cuiately tiaced Iroiii a saw sent tons sometime 

 aKo for repair, 'fhe teeth of this saw had t)eeii tiled 

 ti-om the top instead of the lace. Hotted line 1 

 strikes the iioint (d the to<jth at ,1, and shows the 

 size or diameter of the saw when it hd't the factory. 

 l)otte<l line 2 strikes the point of the tooth at «, an<l 

 shows the size the saw would have been by filniK- 



Dottcd line:!sti-ikes the point of^the .lones tooth iit 

 r, and shows how much lie has reduced the saw by 

 his fearful mode (d' llliii>i-. Take a iiair of eomi)asses 

 and measure from .1 to /.', and you will liiid e.\aetlv 

 from .1 to (': this, of eourse, 

 unt id' eiutiiif: surface nieach 

 le ease the saw has lieen filed 

 [■s as much as the other, 

 ed all this l(\ss and trouble? 

 en filing- from the tup instead 



the same distane^ 

 presents the sanu 

 instanee, and .\ et 

 down in size threi 

 Now, what has 

 Whv, Mr. .lont's h 



111 tlie farr of his tootll. He h: 

 )ye(l the uscdul ixirtion of li 

 I that i)art which is of no eai- 



cli filiiig- 



i filed away and 

 ■i saw, and re- 

 ily use to him, 

 le three times 

 I has eonsumed 



three times as many files as were riMjuired. He has 

 left no chamber for circulation of dust; his tootll 

 is highei- at D than at ('; thus instead of cutting- his 

 lumber with the point of his tooth, he scrapes it 

 with the back. 



If his saw never commenced to heat before, it 

 will do so now. Mr. Jones sent it hack to us with 

 the remark, "It won't t<au\" Now, sawyers are do- 

 ing- this almost every day, but seldom with the same 

 lierseverance as Mr. .Tones. They generally stop 

 about half way, and then send the saw to the manu- 

 facturer to 111- put in order. 



FAILING QUEENS. 



SOME OBSERVATIONS BV A C.4^NADIAN FRIEND. 



WAS much interested with an article in Glean- 

 ings under the heading-, "Are Queens Super- 

 seded only when They are Declininf^V" My 

 case is something- the same. July, 188:3, I ixj- 

 ceived a fine selected tested Italian gueeii from 

 Mr. Jas. O. Facey, Ontario. Being- quite a young- 

 A B C scholar, and having- read about clipping- 

 queens' wings, I thought I would clip this queen's 

 wings, that I might be sure to retain her, in case of 

 swarming-, as I had previously lost an absconding- 

 swarm; but not being- accustomed to surgrery, nor 

 handling- (lueens, I cut off about two-thirds of both 

 wings. 1 felt sorry for my queen, and abashed at 

 my own clumsiness. I introduced her successfully 

 to a colony of blacks, and she proved an excellent 

 queen, and soon the colony was ahead of the blacks. 

 I wintered them successfully, and early this spring-, 

 toward the end May, I noticed one queen-cell sealed, 

 although the colony was not in any condition like 

 swarming. 



On the 9th of June I found that a queen had 

 emerged from this cell. I saw this young queen 

 and the old one with clipped wings at the same time 

 in the hive. I was doubtful of this virgin queen's 

 future career, as there were no drones yet; and 

 when I examined the hive three or four days later 

 I found only the old queen. On the 2lBt of June I 

 took this queen and put her with 1 lb. of bees in an- 

 other hive, aud soon this became a good colony; 

 but I noticed several drones in worker-cells (as I 

 used whole sheets of foundation in brood-framtts). 

 July was wet and cold, and no surplus honey. Aug- 



