636 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



Aug. 1. 



is a regulator. One writer, speal<iiig of con- 

 traction and the queen, says: " I am willing lor 

 her to run her little realm just as her motlierly 

 instincts pi'onpt her.'" By following out the 

 same line of reasoning he could tui'n over the 

 affairs of the barnyard to any presuming old 

 biddy who would sit on a nest of 40 eggs, hatch 

 out three chicks late in the fall, and lose them 

 all by the rigoi's of approaching w inter. That 

 the queen and bees should not be coirected in 

 their affairs as well as oihei' donnstic animals, 

 is simply superstition. C.'W. Dayton. 



Clinton. Wis.. May 1.5. 



BALDENSPERGER'S APIARY IN JAFFA. 



THE KIND OF HELP HE HAS TO PUT UP WITH; 

 MOHAMMEDANS AND THEIR PRAYERS. 



Mr. jRoot;— Jaffa, tlie landing-place of Pales- 

 tine, is shown in the pictui'e. It is supposed to 

 be the oldest, or. at least, one of the oldest, 

 cities in the world, foundi'd by Japhet. accord- 

 ing to some. In the Scriptui'es we know the 

 prophet Jonah embarked here for Tarshish. 



afternoon, sunset, and nighttime. All devout 

 people are then expected to kneel down and 

 pi-ay. no matter where they may happen to be 

 — on the street, in their houses, fields, shops: a 

 fervent prayer is expected to be in wliite, and 

 have no stains on his clothes — a fact very diffi- 

 cult to observ<^ for the busy times. The man on 

 the right of the apiary in white, and armed 

 fi'om head to fool, is supposed to listeh atten- 

 tively to the directions he is receiving from 

 your humble servant at the left of the apiary. 

 I had some trouble to make him stand still. As 

 he is a strict follower of Mohammed, he has 

 visited Mecca, and is now styled ■'Pilgrim." or 

 Haj Mohammed, liis own name. The Koran 

 forbids tlie "making of the likeness of any 

 thing living," taking it stricter than the seconi 

 commandment enjoined, whence they have 

 copied it, undoubtedly. I told him I would be 

 responsible foi' the sinfulness of the thing, 

 though he gave it unwillingly. He guards the 

 bees by night now. When extracting time is 

 very urgent it is difticult to go ahead with him, 

 as he always has to perform his prayers. Now, 

 this is not simply to kneel down and pray, but 

 ho has to wash liimself all over if he touched 



HALDENSPERGER'8 apiary, with A VIEW OF .JAFFA, IN SYRIA, IN THE BACKGROUND. 



and Japho was in the tiibe of Dan. It has 

 been built and destroyed over and over, as have 

 almost all cities in Palestine, the last notable 

 invasion having been by Napoleon I., then 

 Genei'al Bonaparte. It changed hands again 

 in 1833 and 1840 from the Sultan of Turkey to 

 the Viceroy of Egypt, and vice versa, and seems 

 to have been flourishing since then. Although 

 oranges have been ))lauted here, yet the orange- 

 groves as seen lying between the apiary and 

 the town for nearly a mile have been planted 

 since, and are greatly extending all the while. 

 The building on the left hilltop is the British 

 Hospital: on the main hill is the French Hos- 

 pital, and a church (not shown) belongs to the 

 Franciscan friars. Away down is the minaret 

 on which the Mohammedan "muaddin," or 

 ■'caller," calls out for prayer live times in 

 twenty-four liours; i. e., at daybreak, midday. 



any unclean thing. The prayer itself doesn't 

 take more than five or ten minutes; but the 

 clothes he has on for woik are all to be chang- 

 ed. Should he omit one of these prayers, he can 

 recall it next day about, tlie same hour, along 

 with the regular one; and should he have omit- 

 ted ten prayers, he has to pray ten prayei-s. 

 Not one is foi'gotlen; and if he die in the mean- 

 time, there is supposed to be a fiery iron plate 

 at the "gate of hell " where he is to perform 

 them. Of couise, he is burned or roasted every 

 time, and gets restoi'ed again when he has said 

 one prayer. When all his prayer-debts are 

 paid he is allowed to enter heaven. His prayei'S 

 ai-e known by heai't. He has a form of prayer 

 to repeat two or four times at evei-y prayei'. 

 consisting of the first of the Koraii. and some 

 other similar repetitions, about God the only one, 

 and Mohammed his prophet, to be kept from 



