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GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



July 1. 



and studying at Mount Union College, from the 

 Commercial Department of which he was grad- 

 uated in June, 1882, and continued there, for a 

 time, as instructor in penmanship, mathematics, 

 and book-keeping. 



r In the spring of 1884, after a most successful 

 term of teaching, we met Mr. York while visit- 

 ing our nephew. Mr. B. Harding, where Mr. Y. 

 had boarded during two of three winters that 

 he had taught the district school of which Mr. 

 Harding was a director, in Kent, O. 



Being much pleased with his attainments and 

 industrious habits, we engaged Mr. York as an 

 assistant in the office of the American Bee 

 Journal, and in due time he followed us to this 

 city, and entered upon his labors. Here he 

 learned the printing business, and, step by step, 

 advanced to positions of confidence and respon- 

 sibility, until, during our late and long-contin- 

 ued indisposition, he has had the entire ed- 

 itorial management of the Bee Journal, and 

 that work not only received our approval, but 

 has merited, as well as received, the commen- 

 dation of many of our readers and patrons. 



He is, therefore, not a stranger, but a faithful 

 friend and co-worker, who steps into our shoes, 

 wears our mantle, and we feel sure will be re- 

 ceived by all as a successor worthy of ranch 

 esteem. 



SHADING BEE HIVES. 



THE WAY FRIEND DAY (THE TOMATO-MAN) 

 MANAGES IT. 



While taking views of the tomato-beds in 

 Crystal Springs, Miss., I looked over friend 

 Day's small apiary, for he is something of a 

 bee-keeper, like many of the rest of us, and I 

 was at once struck with his arrangement for 

 shading his hives. I accordingly turned the 

 Kodak toward it, and here is an engraving 

 showing the result. The engraver forgot, how- 

 ever, to leave the cross-pieces off from one end 

 in order that the machine may be wheeled over 

 any bee-hive. 



.1. W. DAY S SHADE FOR BEE-HIVES. 



Of course, the machine above may be varied 

 according to the taste of the bee-keepei', or 

 according to the material he may have on hand. 

 The ones I saw were made of pieces of rough 

 boards. As Crystal Springs is in a pine region, 

 very nice lumber can be had at an almost in- 

 significant price. The wheels were cut out of 

 boards. The advantages of this shading ar- 

 rangement are, that you do not have to put any 

 stones on top of them to keep the wind from 

 blowing them off: neither must it be lifted up 

 and laid down when you open a hive. It can 

 be placed so as to shade the hive only in the 

 middle of the day, leaving the sun to strike it 

 mornings and evenings. The roof is so high 

 above the top of the hive that there is a good 



circulation of air between the hive-cover and 

 the shade. In Arizona, and other places where 

 the summers are exceedingly hot, we found fine 

 large buildings with a shading roof placed from 

 four to six feet above the ordinary roof. This 

 shading roof extended perhaps ten or twelve 

 feet beyond the roof proper in every direction; 

 but the space between the two was all open, so 

 as to give a constant circulation of air. I am 

 told that this arrangement makes buildings 

 very comfortable that would be hardly endur- 

 able without something to keep the sun from 

 the top of the house. Well, you see this hive- 

 shade on wheels works exactly in the same way. 

 When you are tired, all you have to do is to 

 push it away from the hive far enough so you 

 can raise up the hive-cover. Said cover is then 

 laid on the roof of the machine till wanted 

 again. They can be made to shed rain or not, 

 just as you choose. As it will be quite a pro- 

 tection to the hive, I think I would have them 

 shed I'ain as well as sunshine. 



There, friend Day, haven't I given your hive- 

 shade a good puff? If I should wind up by say- 

 ing ^5.00 for an individual right, you might 

 think I was interested; but I am glad to tell 

 you that Mr. Day is not that sort of man. 

 When I spoke of having an engraving made of 

 it, I could hardly persuade him that it was 

 worth the while. By the way. if your section- 

 cases or other surplus arrangements are so 

 made as to be bee-tight on top, you might en- 

 tirely omit covers to the hives during extremely 

 hot weather. Such a machine would be very 

 unlikely to be disturbed by the wind, unless it 

 should blow with more than ordinary violence. 



A. I. R. 



GRADING HONEY A LA MILLER. 



K. A. BURNETT OFFERS SUGGESTIONS AND 

 CRITICISMS. 



Editor Gleanings. -—Having read Gle.^xings 

 of June 1.5th, I find that our persistent and 

 sagacious Dr. Miller has got around more near- 

 ly to the classifying and grading of honey, in 

 this last article, than in any former effort; and 

 I want to encourage him to still further perfect 

 a plan by which he can, from his desk, inform 

 the world just what he has in merchantable 

 honey — when the time comes for marketing. 



The difficulty with many if not all the plans 

 offered, or papers read or written upon the sub- 

 ject, is, that they confound ck(S.si/i/mf/ and 

 grading. Even the good doctor does; for the 

 third word in his grading of fancy is " white." 

 By striking out the word "'white " we have a 

 good description of a fancy article, be it white, 

 brown, yellow, or black. His grading of a No. 



1 article is free from the objection noted above, 

 and is very much to my notion, as is also Nos. 



2 and 3. 



The point aimed at is, to convey an accurate 

 description of what one has to sell to a possible 

 buyer, or to give an intelligent account of the 

 results of the harvest. The doctor's argument 

 in support of his grades juay be accepted as 

 covering the views of a majority: hence my 

 suggestion would be: First, classify by taking 

 the product of the hive to a table, sorting out 

 the diff'eient kinds, which we will classify as 

 wiiite clover, basswood, alsike, sweet clover," 

 sage, alfalfa, buckwheat, goldenrod, Spanish 

 needle, or any other variety that may appear. 

 Thus classified, proceed to grade, selecting, say, 

 from the buckwheat, the fancy combs; straight, 

 well filled, firmly fastened to wood on all four 

 sides, all cells sealed, no propolis, pollen, or 

 travel-stain. No. 1 buckwheat: wood well 

 scraped, etc.; No. 2, etc.; No. 3, etc. Thus 



