144 ORIGIN, INSERTION, AND USE 



MUSCLES OF THE HEAD. 



Epicranius and Temporalis. Mr. Percival writes, " These 

 are the only two that can be considered as cranial muscles." 

 The former is expanded over the os frontis. Its origin is 

 almost imperceptible. It raises the upper eyelid. The tem- 

 poralis occupies the side of the skull, and is demonstrable in 

 the living horse. 



Origin. — From the temporal bones, and the fascia cover- 

 ing it. 



Insertion. — Into the coronoid process of the lower jaw. 



Use. — To shut the mouth. 



AURAL REGIOr 



As these muscles are not so important as others we shall 

 enumerate, we merely name them. Attollentes aurem con- 

 sists of four muscles, viz., the attollens maximus, minimus, 

 inferior, and superior. These muscles all cooperate in the 

 erection of the ears. 



THE PROPER MUSCLES OF THE CONCHA 



Are the anterior conchas, rectus, oblique, and internal con- 

 chas. The first three assist in the erection of the ears. The 

 internal conchas rotates the ear backwards. 



RETRAHENTES AUREM. 



These are the retrahens superior, inferior, and medius. 

 They retract and rotate the ears. 



FACIAL REGION. 



The muscles in this region are numerous, and some of 

 them complicated. 



ZYGOMATICUS. 



A long slender muscle traversing the cheek. 

 Origin. — By tendinous fibres, from the lower edge of the 

 zygomatic process of the os malas. 



Insertion. — Into the angle of the mouth. 



