166 MECHANISM AND FUNCTIONS OF THE JOINTS. 



proceed from a similar tubercle upon the inside, and from the 

 body of the radius. The longer is fixed to the inner head 

 of the metacarpal bone, and the shorter to the fore part of the 

 metacarpal. 



Ligamentum annulare passes from the os trapezium to the 

 ossa scaphoides and cuneiform : it confines the flexor tendons. 



Fetlock joint. — Capsular ligament is attached to the 

 articulatory surfaces of these bones ; and the synovial mem- 

 brane, after having lined it, is reflected upon their cartilages : 

 it is guarded in front by the extensor tendon. 



Long lateral ligament is fixed to a projection upon the side 

 of the metacarpal bone, and to the os suffraginis. 



Short lateral ligament runs underneath the latter. These 

 ligaments prevent motion sideways. 



The ligaments of the sessamoid bones are seven, viz. : su- 

 perior suspensory, the long inferior, the short inferior, the two 

 lateral, and the two crucial. 



Pastern joint is formed by the adaptation of the ossa suf- 

 fraginis and corona. It has a capsular, and two pairs of lat- 

 eral ligaments. 



The capsular ligament is inserted into the smooth cartila- 

 ginous ends of these bones : it is blended with the extensor 

 tendon in front, and behind with the long inferior ligaments 

 of the sesamoids. 



The lateral ligaments are inserted on the sides of the os 

 coronas and surTraginis. 



Coffin joint is made up of three bones: the ossa coronas, 

 pedis, and naviculare. 



Capsular ligament envelops the articulatory surfaces, and 

 is inserted beyond their limits ; in front it is united with the 

 extensor tendon ; behind it is strengthened by the tendo per- 

 forans. In addition to the capsular, there are three pairs of 

 ligaments. 



The jirst pair passes from the superior edges of the os 

 pedis to the lateral parts of the os corona, and are inserted 

 about its middle. 



The secojid pair is stretched from the extremities of the os 



