DISEASES OF ANIMALS. 27 



their skin, but not in the stomach, like the horse, unless 

 from associating with that animal, and licking the nits 

 from him. 



Hove, or bloating, is peculiar to cattle and sheep, from 

 their organization, in having four stomachs, and rumina- 

 ting, or re-chewing their food. It is unusual in the horse 



The eifects of medicines on different species of ani 

 mals vary as much as their structure and diseases. 

 Salts, which are a valuable physic for cattle and sheep, 

 operate on the horse as a diuretic ; while aloes, which is 

 the surest and best purgative for the horse, is very un 

 certain for cattle, and sometimes dangerous, from pro 

 ducing inflammation. 



Calomel, rhubarb, and colocynth do not operate as 

 purgatives on the horse ; nor do any medicines operate on 

 him as tartar emetic and ipecacuanha upon the human 

 species. The horse can vomit only through the nose. 

 Mercury will not salivate him, (but various plants will,) 

 nor will sugar of lead poison him. But wheat, the natu 

 ral food of man, is poisonous to the horse, when taken 

 in very large quantities. Spirits of turpentine, which a 

 child may handle without injury, operates as caustic 

 when applied to the skin of the horse ; yet it may be 

 applied to sores without pain. It is also like fire, when 

 applied to the skin of the dog. [For other differences, 

 see Poisons.] 



Notwithstanding these and other peculiar differences, 

 animals in general are alike in many respects, both as to 

 the causes and nature of diseases, and some remedies 

 operate alike favorable on all. And as to treatment, in 

 regard to wholesome food, pure water and air, exer- 

 cise, protection from cold, wet, excessive heat, regularity 

 of feeding, diet, keeping the bowels open, and the skin 

 clean, &c. &c., nearly the same rules apply to all. 



TRAINING AND BREAKING. 



Animals should be trained, not broken. Train up an 

 animal in the way he should go, and he will never need 

 breaking. Some let their animals run -wdld, until three 

 or four years old, and they become strong, wayward, and 



