28 DISEASES OF ANIMALS. 



ignorant ; and then they undenake to break them, — ann 

 breaking it is, emphatically ; for they often break their 

 constitution, their courage, their spirit, and sometimes 

 their bones; and occasionally the breakers themselves 

 get their own bones broken in this hazardous business. 



Besides these evils, there is great loss of time, and 

 frequently a smash of carriages, a destruction of har- 

 nesses, and a large consumption of whips ; and the ani- 

 mal, by this hard usage, — this breaking instead of train- 

 ing^ — often contracts bad habits, from which he never 

 can be broken ; and frequent fright, and sometimes seri- 

 ous injury, or loss of life, is the consequence. 



The most valuable animals for service, — the kindest, 

 the safest, the most pleasant, and the most tractable, — are 

 those that are trained in the way they should go, and 

 well educated in their duties from their youth, or infancy, 

 up to mature years. In all this training there should 

 be great kindness; the most gentle means should be 

 used, and the young animal should be taught, with 

 patience and perseverance, what he should perform ; not 

 driven to do what he does not know, what he cannot un- 

 derstand, while threatened, frightened, and excited under 

 the exercise of arbitrary authority and dictation ; and 

 sometimes smarting under the lash, or groaning under 

 tlie unmerciful blows of the cudgel, until enraged and 

 infuriated to desperation. 



If managed with intelligence and discretion, with due 

 regard to their tenderness and liability to injuries from 

 bad treatment, no matter how early the training com- 

 mences, — even when the animal is a few weeks old ; he 

 will soon become familiar, docile and tractable. 



While the animal is young, and unaccustomed to con 

 trol, and strongly inclined to follow his dam, or his fel- 

 lows, great caution and kindness should be used in urging 

 him in a way contrary to his habits and affections, while 

 these form a ruling passion, and he has but little intelli 

 gence or knowledge ; as fright and sad distress would be 

 the consequence of crossing them. Under such circum- 

 stances, a young animal may be shut up or tied, and thus 

 tamed and controlled, but he should not be driven by 

 brute force, against his will. 



You miv confine a young animal to a spot against hiy 



