HORSES. 



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off slowly, lodging in the rectum, and pressing on the 

 bladder. 



Remedy. Back-rake, and give injections for immedi- 

 ate relief, and remove the costiveness by bran mashes, 

 roots, and green food. 



DORMANT STATE OF THE KIDNEYS. 



Sometimes the kidneys become dormant or inactive, 

 and cease to secrete urine. To ascertain their condition, 

 when there is no discharge of urine, but frequent and 

 painful efibrts for this purpose, examine thoroughly, and 

 see whether the symptoms indicate any of the disorders 

 we have named ; if they do not, a suppression of urine 

 may be supposed to exist from a torpid or sluggish state 

 of the kidneys, and diuretics may be given. But give 

 only mild doses, lest there be a mistake ; for it requires 

 skill and experience to judge accurately of these disor- 

 ders, which have been so much confounded one with 

 another. 



GRAVEL AND STONE IN THE BLADDER. 



It is common for a horse to discharge gravel with his 

 urine. There is nothing that can be given safely that 

 will dissolve these calculi, and all that can be done is to 

 give a diuretic dose, and, in an hour after, half a pound 

 of common salt in a quart of water, to excite thirst, that 

 large quantities of water may be drunk and discharged, 

 and the gravel washed out. Stones are more common 

 m the kidneys of the horse than in the bladder. In 

 either case, the symptoms are very obscure. A horse 

 affected with stone in the bladder is subject to colicky 

 pains, and, during these pains, he voids his urine with 

 difficulty and violent straining. Mind this, in examin- 

 ing for gripes or colic. The presence, size, and situation 

 of stones in the bladder may be felt from the rectum, as 

 named in other diseases of the urinary organs. Lith- 

 atomy, or cutting, is sometimes practised for this com- 

 plaint ; but this requires a skilful and experienced 

 surgeon. 



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