ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. '2.'> 



by the insertions of the long odontoid ligaments; between the 

 condyle and the styloid process, the condyloid notch ; and in 

 front of the condyles, the condyloid foramina, which are occa- 

 sionally double, for transmitting the lingual nerves. 



The Internal or Cere6;flf/^?/r/<7cepresents, superiorly, the occipi- 

 tal cupola, for covering the cerebellum, by which the surface is 

 indented ; below, formed in the basilar process, the basilar fossa, 

 which supports the medulla oblongata upon its broadest and 

 posterior part, the pons varolii upon its anterior and deeper 

 part. 



Borders. The superior is denticulated and unites with the 

 parietal bone ; the inferior or anterior, with the sphenoid ; the 

 lateral join the petrous portions of the temporal bones. 



Development. In the foal this bone consists of four pieces; 

 in after age of two, the above described super-occipital and sub- 

 occipital portions : in adult life it becomes one entire bone. 



TEMPORAL BONES. (OSSA TEMPOKUM.) 



Situation. Lateral parts of the cranium. 



Conformation. They consist of four separate pieces, in pairs, 

 each irregular in its form. One pair presents vaulted ovoid 

 plates, surmounted by curved or hooked projections ; the other 

 are solid convex forms, remarkable for their hardness and white- 

 ness. 



Division. In man these pieces are united and are considered 

 as the squamous and petrous portions of one bone : in the horse, 

 although the same names are preserved, iheportions are in reality 

 distinct bones. 



THE SQUAMOUS PORTION. (PARS SQUAMOSA.) 



Presents two surfaces, an external and internal, and a cir- 

 cumference. 



The Externalor Auricular Surfaceis convex, and has projecting 

 forward from its middle in a curvilinear direction the zygomatic 

 process ; this unites with a similar projection coming from the 

 malar bone, the two forming the zygomatic arch, against which 

 abuts the frontal arch : superiorly, this process presents a broad 

 concave surface contributing to the temporal fossa, and has a nar- 

 row sharpened convexity projecting upwards and backwards from 

 it called the zygomatic crest ; inferiorly, running transversely 

 to its root, is the glenoidal cavity, for the reception of the con- 

 dyle of the inferior maxilla, bounded in front by a smooth trans- 

 verse eminence denominated the articular from its being in- 

 cluded within the temporary-maxillary articulation, and behind 



