34 ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 



riorly, descends the styloid process, whose extremity, in the recent 

 subject, is provided with a cartilaginous pulley, in which runs the 

 tensor palati ; the posterior side of the process is rough and lami- 

 nated for articulation with the pterygoid process of the sphenoid 

 bone. The supero-lateral and infero-lateral borders unite with 

 the superior maxillary bone ; the former has also a connexion 

 with the inferior turbinated bone : these borders are both denticu- 

 lated. 



Extremities. — The posterior or orbital is expanded, and is 

 received between the frontal and ethmoid bones : the anterior ex- 

 tremity is narrow, incurvated upwards, and joins its fellow. 



Particularities. — The styloid processes, or rather epiphyses, 

 are rarely preserved disunited and entire after maceration, owing 

 to the late period at which they continue to be ligamentous at their 

 roots, as also to the length, slenderness, and consequent fran- 

 gibleness of them. 



Connexion. — With the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid ; and 

 with the superior maxillary, inferior turbinated bones, and vomer. 



THE TURBINATED BONES, SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR. 

 (OSSA TURBINATA, SUPERIORA ET INFERIORA.) 



Situation. — Within the chambers of the nose, attached to the 

 outer walls ; the superior, above ; the inferior, below. 



Form. — Oblong, thin, foliated, convoluted, cavernous. 



Division. — Into external and internal surfaces ; superior and 

 inferior extremities. 



Surfaces. — Porous. The external is convex; and presents 

 series of longitudinal grooves, disposed in an arborescent manner, 

 which mark the ramifications of very small blood-vessels. In 

 consequence of the bone being rolled up or twisted round itself 

 after the fashion of a turban, the outward superficies becomes 

 extensive, although it diminishes in breadth beyond the exte- 

 rior, from the internal convolution being, in course, smaller than 

 the external. The internal surface, or opposite side, is con- 

 cave, and, like the former, necessarily diminishes as it proceeds 

 inward. The interior itself is, cavernous, or rather cellular, being 

 unequally divided by transverse septa into several little sinuses or 

 cells, communicating through small apertures one with another, 

 and through the intervals between the convolutions, with the 

 middle nasal meatus. 



Extremities. — The posterior or basiform, are broad; their 

 interior is capacious, and open superiorly ; and they communicate 

 with the sinuses immediately behind them. The anterior or api- 



