82 MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 



2d. — Superficial Posterior Fenioro-crnral Region. No. 3. 

 English names. French tiames. 



Gastrocnemius Externus Bifeinoro-calcaneus 



Gastrocnemius Internus Femoro-phalanj^eus 



Plantaris. Peroneo-calcaneus. 



3d. — Deep Posterior Femoro-crural Region. No. 3. 

 Poplileus Femoro-tibialis Obliquus 



Flexor Pedis Tibio-plialangeus 



Flexor Pedis Accessorius. Peroneo-phalangeus. 



I.— CUTANEOUS MUSCLES. 



Panniculus Carnosus. — Musculiis Subcutaneus. 



A muscle peculiar to quadrupeds. 



Situation. — Subcutaneous ; and so uniformly and generally 

 spread over the surface of the body, that it has been regarded as 

 one of the common teguments. It not only clothes the broad sides 

 of the trunk, but it extends forward upon the shoulder, neck, 

 face; and, backwards, upon the haunch and stifle. 



Division. — On account of its extensiveness, into three por- 

 tions : — cervical, thoracic, and abdominal. 



The Cervical Portion originates in some pale disgregated 

 fasciculi, descending upon the side of the head; one parcel 

 coming from the lateral parts of the mouth, another from the root 

 of the ear and parotid gland, a third and larger one from the 

 aponeurosis of the masseter ; all running to the angle of the jaw, 

 and there collecting themselves into a fleshy band, which, after 

 descending a little way lower down, again becomes resolved into 

 separate fasciculi, and dispersed and spread over the side of the 

 neck. The fleshy fibres, however, are principally confined to the 

 infero-lateral regions : the superior portion consisting principally 

 of an aponeurosis, partly cellular and partly tendinous, which is 

 extended and fixed to the ligamentum nuchse. At the bottom 

 of the neck some fasciculi are found running and attaching 

 themselves to the spine of the scapula; others, paler and less 

 distinct, take a downward course, passing over the shoulder- 

 joint, where many become intermingled with and lost in the 

 adipose membrane thereabouts; while others, again, continue still 

 lower, and vanish upon the faschia of the arm. 



The Thoracic Portion consists of a broad layer of fleshy 

 fibres, extending from a little above the middle of the scapula in 

 a direct line down upon the arm, into the faschia of which it is 

 (together with the cervical portion) inserted ; while, above, by 

 means of an a[)oneurotic expansion, it is continued to be attach- 

 ed to the spine. 



The Abdominal Portion forms a broad fleshy expansion; 

 abstractedly viewed, ovoid in outline; clothing the false ribs and 



