84 MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 



M. Girard conceives that it must give additional power of action 

 to many muscles by operating as a brace or bandage to them : 

 his words are — " 11 concoiirt a augmenter la force des muscles 

 sur lesquelles il exerce une pression un peu forte." 



II.— MUSCLES OF THE HEAD. 

 1.— AURICULAR REGION. 

 We shall consider these muscles in four classes — the Attol- 

 lentes, the Musculi Proprii Conchse, the Retrahentes, and the 

 Abducentes. 



1. Attollentes et Adducentes Aurem. 

 Attollens Maximus — Temporo-auricularis Externus. 

 Situation. — Subcutaneous, upon the temple, at the inner side 

 of the ear. 



Figure. — Broad, very thin, triangular. 



AttucJwieut. — By cellular membrane to the temporal faschia ; 

 to a white tendinous (divisional or median) line extending in the 

 direction of the sagittal suture ; and to the superior and posterior 

 parts of the triangular cartilage, reaching from the vertex to the 

 pit behind the orbit. 



Direction. — From within outward ; convergent in approaching 

 the ear. 



Structure. — Fleshy and cellular ; fibres pale and slender ; and 

 in their disposition aponeurotic. 



Atto LL E NS Anterio r — Zj/gomatico-fj u?'icularis. 



Situation. — Subcutaneous ; in front and to the outer side of 

 the former. 



Attachment. — Anteriorly, to the posterior extremity of the 

 zygoma ; along its middle, to the"^ temporal muscle ; posteriorly, 

 to the front of the triangular cartilage. 



Relations. — Externally, the skin ; internally, the temporalis. 



Attollens Posterior— Temporo-aujicularis Internus. 



Siruation. — Vnderne^Lth the attollens maximus. 



For7n. — Thin, triangular; much smaller than the maximus. 



Attachments. — Inwardly, to the sagittal suture or ridge ; inter- 

 nally, to the temporalis, by cellular tissue ; outwardly, to the pos- 

 terior part of the concha. 



Relations. — Externally, the maximus ; internally, the tempo- 

 ralis. 



Structure. — Principally fleshy ; in part aponeurotic, posteriorly. 



Action of the Attollentes. — These muscles all co-operate in the 

 erection or cocking of the ears. Acting in pairs, the u)aximi will 

 approximate ; the anteriores will depress them ; the posteriores 

 elevate them. But, as the triangular cartilage is, more particu- 



