48 MATERIALS FOR A MEMOIR ON 



depressed. When the head is being erected the neck becomes 

 convex in front and concave behind. When the head is depressed 

 the neck is concave in front and convex behind. 



The movements of the head and mane can be satisfactorily 

 studied in all rapid gaits of the horse, especially in the trot and 

 the gallop. The mane flies l)ack\vard as the head descends and 

 clings to th§ neck as it ascends. 



The series of figures (649 A) of the trick-horse " Hornet," rock- 

 ing to and fro, is of especial value iu studying correlations of head 

 position to limb movement. (See p. 93.) 



The Influence of the Body on the Shape of the Foot. 



In the goat (series 677) the outer parts are larger in Figs. 10, 

 11, 12, and the inner are larger in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. 



In the goat the chief "weight comes on the inner toe. In the doe 

 (series 641) the two toes separate at equal angles to the axis of the 

 leg. In the ox and the camel no difference is perceptible. Profile 

 views of the lioness and of the elephant are interesting in this 

 connection. In the capybara the inner border of the foot bears 

 the weight. 



Value of the unequal Lengths of the Toes. 



In a plantigrade animal like the raccoon the ti'ansition from 

 the plantigrade to the digitigrade form will bring the short toes 

 to the ground in the digitigrade position at times when the longer 

 toes are yet on the ground their entire length. Tiiis position is 

 well seen in series 744, profile, Fig. 19. As the foot passes still 

 farther towards the tips of the larger toes the short toes leave the 

 ground. At first they are in the axis of the metapodium, but 

 afterwards they are thrown backward, and near the end of back- 

 ward strain appear to be abducted. (See series of the raccoon, 

 744, Figs. 9, 12, and 13. See p. 73.) 



On Obliquity of the Outer Toes. 



The oblique movement will be essentially the same in all in- 

 stances no matter what the number of functionally active toes 

 raay be. A straight toe on the limit of the inner border and a 

 deflected toe on the lateral aspect are always seen. In man the 

 first toe is straight and all the others are inclined outward. In 



