92 MATERIALS FOR A MEMOIR ON 



The dog when off the ground flexes tlie fore legs, the cat ex- 

 tends them. This probably correlates with the size of the supra- 

 spinous fossse of the scapulae in the two animals, (See p. 84.) 



The extended fore leg in the cat is parallel to the long axis of 

 the trunk, while in all the ungulates it forms an angle to this axis. 

 The angulation of the parts in ungulates is subject to variation, 

 being more open in the deer tribe than in the ox ; in a word, in the 

 lighter-bodied as contrasted with the heavy-bodied forms. The 

 humerus in backward movement is nearly horizontal in the Pecora. 

 (See pp. 42, 45.) 



The enormous size of the anterior dorsal spines in the hoofed 

 animals, their smaller size in the claw-footed, their entire absence 

 in Dipus and the bat (in which animals the fore legs are not used 

 for support), the trend of the great extrinsic muscles of the fore 

 limb towards the head, all prepare the observer for some tax- 

 onomic values in the relations existing between the strength of 

 the cephalo-humeral muscles, the obliquity of the fore leg in 

 forward movement, and the size of the anterior dorsal spines, 

 and possibly in the shapes of the atlas and axis. 



The camel protrudes and withdraws the under lip each time 

 the fore and hind limbs are shifted. 



In the North American buffalo the prepuce is drawn backward 

 when the hind limbs are in backward strain. 



Oiaraeters pet-taining to the Superficies emphasized in the Pho- 

 tographs. 



It is a well-known circumstance that the photograph will bring 

 out details of structure which are not seen by the unaided eye. 

 Thus, an inscription on a tombstone which was covered by lichen 

 and was quite illegible was found by Professor J. T. Pothrock to 

 be read with the greatest ease when seen photographed after the 

 ordinary manner. The photographs of the series of animals 

 studied reveal similar interesting features. The spots on the lion 

 and the lioness are much more distinct than they are in the living 

 models. In the lioness, in addition, five minute points are detected 

 on the back of the trunk. They probably correspond to the em- 

 inences of the skin over the spines of the dorsal vertebrae. 



A fairly recognizable description could be drawn up of the 

 superficial muscles of the limbs, especially of those fleshy masses 



