126 PARASITOLOGY. 



papillae longer than the nassatum. See ngures 40, 

 41 and 42, Plate 11. 



Cylichwostomum elongatunv. — Length of male up to 

 13 mm., female up to 17 mm. Lateral head papillae 

 large. See figures 57, 58 and 59, Plate 12. 



Gyalocephahis capitatus. — ^Length of male up to 

 7.5 mm., female up to 9.5 mm. Body rather slender. 

 Head distinctly separated from the body. See figures 

 11, 12 and 13, Plate 9. 



A chemical study of the strongyles shows their 

 bodies to be composed of the following substances: 

 fats, fatty acids consisting chiefly of butyric acid, 

 soaps, mucin, albumoses, purin bases and creatin. A 

 ptomain, a crystalizable alkaloid, an amino-acid and 

 an amorphous substance containing non-protein nitro- 

 gen and phosphorus which gives precipitating reac- 

 tions for an alkaloid. The cuticle contains a protein 

 like substance which has no relation to chitin. 



An alcoholic extract of these parasites possesses 

 strong hemolytic properties. The soaps, fatty acids, 

 •crystalizable alkaloids and ptomains are active in this 

 hemolytic process. The parasites secrete a lipase 

 capable of digesting the fat contained in horse serum. 



Characteristics of the Strongyles. 



The strongyles draw blood by aid of their chitinous 

 mouth-capsule. This capsule is buried in the intes- 

 tinal mucosa and in some cases offers quite a resist- 

 ance to traction in an effort to remove them. 



These parasites are provided with neck glands and 

 esophageal glands. The latter are composed of large 

 irregular shaped cells and the body of the gland i-s 

 imbedded in the esophageal muscles as illustrated in 



