2l6 



6. Examine especially the conditions where 

 Anophelines, breeding-places, native huts, opportunity 

 for constant importation of malaria and numerous 

 susceptible children exist, and yet there is a complete 

 absence of endemic malaria. In Africa it will probably 

 be impossible to find such places, but they occur in 

 India. 



ENDEMIC AREAS OF A COUNTRY 



The map (p. 204) shews how the endemicity of 

 large areas of a country is a very variable one. When 

 opportunity offers, the endemic index should be 

 determined for each locality, and, as far as possible, 

 all the other facts detailed above. But the simple 

 taking of the blood of a number of children (under 

 ten) in any village gives at once valuable information 

 as to malaria of the district, information which often 

 is quite unsuspected. Thus, as is shewn in the map, 

 the endemic index of Calcutta is o, that is to say, in the 

 immediate environs (not in the town itself) where 

 practically the condition is one of a number of isolated 

 villages, there is no malaria among the native children. 

 At Jalpaiguri the figure is low, twelve per cent., but 

 reaching the foot of the Himalayas, we find the 

 extremely high figure seventy-two per cent. In this 

 case we are able among other differences to find a 

 different species of AnopheUne, which, as we have 

 seen, is an important factor. 



In other cases, however, all the conditions may 

 be apparently identical, but within a distance of even 

 ten miles we may get a change from an endemic index 

 of o (Madras) to ninety (Ennur). 



These differences hold good in other countries, 

 e.g., in Italy. Here the mortality from malaria in the 



