226 



thus in Rome it is uncommon, in Senegal, on the 

 contrary, exceedingly common. This is an illustration 

 of the often neglected fact that tropical malaria 

 differs in many ways from malaria of temperate climes. 



Filter the urine if morphological constituents 

 are present, as is the case in blackwater fever, through 

 two thicknesses of filter paper, or add some calcined 

 magnesia, then filter. Place some urine in a urine 

 glass and, with a pipette reaching to the bottom, allow 

 half as much nitric acid to slowly trickle in (Simon). 

 A white cloud at the junction layer indicates serum 

 albumin (globulin or peptones). Urea nitrate crystals 

 will often separate out at this junction layer. 



Serum Globulin. Make the urine alkaline with 

 ammonia ; filter off any precipitated phosphates ; 

 to the urine add an equal volume of saturated solution 

 of ammonium sulphate. A precipitate indicates globu- 

 lins ; or the formation of the precipitate may be seen 

 at the junction layer. Test filtrate for albumin by 

 adding excess of acetic acid and boiling. 



Albumoses. Acidify the urine with acetic acid ; 

 add an equal volume of a saturated solution of salt ; 

 boil ; if a precipitate occurs (albumen) filter hot. 

 Albumoses separate out on cooling ; or to the hot 

 filtrate add caustic soda solution, then dilute copper 

 solution gradually ; a red colour signifies albumoses. 



NOTE. Urines rich in urobilin (e.g., malaria and 

 blackwater fever) will give this biuret reaction. 



In presence of urobilin : to ten c.c. of urine add 

 eight grammes of powdered ammonium sulphate until 

 dissolved ; boil for a few seconds ; the albumoses are 

 precipitated on the sides of the test tube ; pour off the 

 urine, and wash the precipitate with alcohol, then 

 chloroform ; dissolve in water and apply the biuret 

 test. Test the alcoholic extract for urobilin. 



